Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Setting

1. ●inpatient
2. ●outpatient

Medical Expert

• □ME 2.2 Gather a functional history including ADLs and IADLs

Communicator

• □COM 1.2 Optimize the physical environment for patient comfort, dignity, privacy, engagement, and safety PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □COM 1.1 Communicate using a patient-centred approach that facilitates patient trust and autonomy and is characterized by empathy, respect, and compassion
• □COM 2.1 Conduct a patient-centred interview, gathering all relevant biomedical and psychosocial information
• □COM 1.4 Identify, verify, and validate non-verbal cues
• □COM 1.4 Use appropriate non-verbal communication to demonstrate attentiveness, interest, and responsiveness to the patient and family
• □COM 3.1 Use clear and concise language; avoid or adequately explain medical jargon
• □COM 2.2 Provide a clear structure for and manage the flow of an entire patient encounter
• □COM 2.3 Seek and synthesize relevant information from other sources, including the patient’s family, with the patient’s consent

Professional

• □P 1.1 Complete assigned responsibilities PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Setting

1. ●inpatient
2. ●outpatient

Medical Expert

• □ME 2.2 Focus the clinical encounter, performing it in a time-effective manner, without excluding key elements
• □ME 2.2 Perform a general physical exam
• □ME 2.2 Perform a screening musculoskeletal and/or neurological exam
• □ME 2.2 Demonstrate an organized approach to the physical examination 7 P1.1 Complete assigned responsibilities PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Communicator

• □COM 1.2 Optimize the physical environment for patient comfort, dignity, privacy, engagement, and safety
• □COM 1.4 Identify, verify, and validate non-verbal cues

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Setting

1. ●inpatient
2. ●outpatient

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of biomedical and clinical sciences to identify common clinical problems
• □ME 2.2 Synthesize patient information clearly and succinctly for the purpose of case presentation to other physicians or health care providers
• □ME 2.2 Develop an ICF-based problem list
• □ME 2.3 Ascertain the patient’s perspective on their goals of care PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Communicator

• □COM 2.1 Integrate and synthesize information about the patient’s beliefs, values, preferences, context and expectations with biomedical and psychosocial information

Health Advocate

• □HA 1.1 Identify a patient’s determinants of health and explain their implications
• □HA 1.1 Identify obstacles patients and families face in obtaining health care resources

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Communicator

• □COM 5.1 Organize information in appropriate sections within an electronic or written medical record
• □COM 5.1 Maintain accurate and up-to-date problem lists and medication lists
• □COM 5.1 Document relevant patient care orders

Professional

• □P 1.1 Complete assigned responsibilities PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Setting

1. ●inpatient
2. ●outpatient
3. ●simulation

Medical Expert

• □ME 2.2 Synthesize patient information clearly and succinctly for the purpose of case presentation to other physicians or health care providers

Collaborator

• □COL 3.2 Describe specific information required for safe and effective handover during transitions in care
• □COL 1.3 Communicate effectively with physicians and other health care professionals
• □COL 2.1 Actively listen to and engage in interactions with collaborators
• □COL 3.2 Communicate with the receiving physician(s) or health care professional(s) during transitions in care, clarifying issues after transfers as needed
• □COL 3.2 Summarize the patient’s issues in the transfer summary, including plans to deal with the ongoing issues

Professional

• □P 1.1 Complete assigned responsibilities PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Observation type

1. ●direct
2. ●indirect

Medical issue (check all that apply)

1. ●abnormal investigation result
2. ●abnormal vitals
3. ●bowel/urinary dysfunction
4. ●dizziness
5. ●falls
6. ●glycemic control
7. ●line dysfunction
8. ●minor bleeding
9. ●nausea/vomiting
10. ●subacute or progressive neurological decline
11. ●pain
12. ●rash
13. ●sleep disturbance
14. ●wound care
15. ●non-urgent mental health and/or behavioral issues
16. ●other (write in)

Setting

1. ●emergency room
2. ●medicine inpatient unit
3. ●surgery inpatient unit
4. ●outpatient medicine clinic
5. ●outpatient surgery clinic
6. ●simulation
7. ●other (write in)

Medical Expert

• □ME 2.2 Elicit a history and perform a physical exam that informs the diagnosis
• □ME 2.2 Develop a differential diagnosis relevant to the patient’s presentation
• □ME 2.4 Develop and implement an initial management plan
• □ME 2.4 Anticipate common complications of disorders and their treatment, and incorporate these considerations in the management plan
• □ME 3.1 Describe common procedures or therapies for conditions commonly encountered in medicine and surgery to patients
• □ME 4.1 Ensure follow-up on results of investigation and response to treatment

Communicator

• □COM 1.2 Optimize the physical environment for patient comfort, dignity, privacy, engagement, and safety
• □COM 2.1 Conduct a patient-centered interview, gathering all relevant biomedical and psychosocial information
• □COM 2.2 Conduct a focused and efficient patient-centred interview, managing the flow of the encounter while being attentive to the patient’s cues and responses PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □COM 5.1 Document a clinical encounter to adequately convey clinical reasoning and the rationale for decisions
• □COM 2.3 Seek and synthesize relevant information from other sources, including the patient’s family, with the patient’s consent
• □COM 3.1 Use strategies to verify and validate the understanding of the patient and family with regard to the diagnosis, prognosis, and management plan

Leader

• □L 2.1 Apply knowledge of the resources available in the care setting when developing and implementing management plans

Health Advocate

• □HA 1.3 Work with the patient and family to identify opportunities for disease prevention, health promotion, and health protection
• □HA 2.2 Identify social determinants of health that may impact on the patient’s care

Scholar

• □S 3.1 Recognize uncertainty and knowledge gaps in clinical and other professional encounters relevant to Physiatry PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Observation type

1. ●direct
2. ●indirect

Medical issue (check all that apply)

1. ●acute joint swelling
2. ●acute limb swelling
3. ●acute wound deterioration
4. ●altered level of consciousness
5. ●altered neurological status
6. ●angioedema/anaphylaxis
7. ●chest pain
8. ●code blue
9. ●critical abnormal investigation result
10. ●critical abnormal vitals
11. ●falls/acute trauma
12. ●major hemorrhage
13. ●overdose
14. ●palpitations
15. ●pulseless limb
16. ●respiratory distress
17. ●severe acute pain
18. ●urgent mental health and behavioral issues
19. ●other (write in)

Setting

1. ●emergency room
2. ●medicine inpatient unit
3. ●surgery inpatient unit
4. ●outpatient medicine clinic
5. ●outpatient surgery clinic
6. ●simulation
7. ●other (write in)

Medical Expert

• □ME 2.1 Prioritize issues to address in the patient’s assessment and management
• □ME 1.4 Recognize urgent problems that may need the involvement of more experienced colleagues and seek their assistance
• □ME 2.2 Focus the clinical encounter, performing it in a time-effective PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026) manner, without excluding key elements
• □ME 2.1 Establish priorities for the clinical encounter, incorporating the patient’s perspectives, preferences and care needs
• □ME 2.2 Develop a differential diagnosis relevant to the patient’s presentation
• □ME 2.4 Develop and implement an initial management plan
• □ME 4.1 Coordinate investigation, treatment, and follow-up when multiple physicians and health care professionals are involved

Communicator

• □COM 1.1 Communicate using a patient-centred approach that facilitates patient trust and autonomy and is characterized by empathy, respect, and compassion
• □COM 2.3 Seek and synthesize relevant information from other sources, including the patient’s family
• □COM 3.1 Use strategies to verify and validate the understanding of the patient and family with regard to the diagnosis, prognosis, and management plan
• □COM 5.1 Document a clinical encounter to adequately convey clinical reasoning and the rationale for decisions

Collaborator

• □COL 1.2 Seek and respond to input from other health care professionals
• □COL 3.1 Identify patients requiring handover to other physicians or health care professionals
• □COL 1.3 Communicate clearly and directly to promote understanding in the health care team

Leader

• □L 2.1 Apply knowledge of the resources available in the care setting when developing and implementing management plans
• □L 2.2 Apply evidence and guidelines with respect to resource utilization in common clinical scenarios PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Observation type

1. ●direct
2. ●indirect

Setting

1. ●consultation service
2. ●inpatient unit
3. ●outpatient clinic
4. ●simulation

Procedure

1. ●bladder catheterization
2. ●casting
3. ●cast removal
4. ●IV insertion
5. ●joint aspiration/injection
6. ●musculoskeletal injection
7. ●NG tube insertion
8. ●PEG tube removal
9. ●removal of sutures
10. ●superficial skin suturing
11. ●tracheostomy removal
12. ●other (write in)

Medical Expert

• □ME 3.1 Describe the indications, contraindications, risks, and alternatives for a given procedure or therapy
• □ME 3.1 Describe common procedures or therapies for conditions commonly encountered in Physiatry to patients
• □ME 3.2 Obtain and document informed consent, explaining the risks and benefits of, and the rationale for, a proposed procedure
• □ME 3.4 Gather and/or manage the availability of appropriate instruments and materials
• □ME 3.4 Position the patient appropriately
• □ME 3.4 Demonstrate aseptic technique: skin preparation, establishing and respecting PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026) the sterile field
• □ME 3.4 Perform common procedures in a skilful, fluid, and safe manner with minimal assistance
• □ME 3.4 Establish and implement a plan for post-procedure care
• □ME 3.4 Recognize and manage immediate complications of a procedure

Communicator

• □COM 4.3 Answer questions from the patient and family about next steps
• □COM 5.1 Document a clinical encounter to convey a procedure and its outcome PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Focus of observation (check all that apply)

1. ●history
2. ●physical
3. ●diagnosis and management

Rehabilitation population group (check all that apply)

1. ●adult - amputation
2. ●adult - brain injury
3. ●adult - MSK
4. ●adult - neurological
5. ●adult - neuromuscular, spinal cord injury
6. ●adult - stroke
7. ●adult - complex medical condition
8. ●pediatric - amputation/limb deficiency
9. ●pediatric - brain injury/tumour
10. ●pediatric - cerebral palsy
11. ●pediatric - spina bifida
12. ●pediatric - muscular dystrophy
13. ●pediatric – MSK
14. ●other (write in)

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.4 Perform clinical assessments that address the breadth of issues in each case in an organized manner
• □ME 2.2 Focus the clinical encounter, performing it in a time-effective manner, without excluding key elements History
• □ME 2.2 Elicit an accurate, relevant history
• □ME 2.2 Perform a physical exam and identify the clinical significance of findings Diagnosis and Management
• □ME 1.6 Provide evidence informed, patient centred care of one condition in the presence of one or more other conditions
• □ME 2.1 Iteratively establish priorities, considering the perspective of the patient and family (including values and preferences) as the patient’s situation evolves
• □ME 2.2 Integrate new findings and changing clinical circumstances into the assessment of the patient’s clinical status
• □ME 2.2 Evaluate the applicability of conflicting data and/or recommendations
• □ME 2.2 Summarize clinical information in a manner that accurately reflects the patient’s presentation
• □ME 2.4 Develop and implement management plans that consider all of the patient’s health problems and needs
• □ME 3.3 Balance risk, effectiveness and priority of interventions in the presence of multiple co-morbidities
• □ME 4.1 Determine the need, timing and priority of referral to another physician and/or health care professional
• □ME 4.1 Determine the need and timing of transfer to another level of care
• □ME 4.1 Establish plans for ongoing care, taking into consideration all of the patient’s health problems and needs as well as clinical state and preferences PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □ME 2.3 Discuss concerns, in a constructive and respectful manner, with the patient and family about goals of care that are not felt to be achievable

Communicator

• □COM 1.5 Recognize when strong emotions (such as, anger, fear, anxiety, or sadness) are affecting an interaction and respond appropriately Physical
• □COM 3.1 Convey information related to the patient’s health status, care, and needs clearly and compassionately
• □COM 5.1 Adapt written and electronic communication to the specificity of the discipline and to the expectations of patients

Collaborator

• □COL 1.2 Negotiate overlapping and shared care responsibilities with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions in episodic and ongoing care
• □COL 1.3 Use referral and consultation as opportunities to improve quality of care and patient safety by sharing expertise
• □COL 3.2 Provide safe, efficient and patient-centred transitions between health care providers as well as between different health care professionals

Leader

• □L 2.1 Use clinical judgment to minimize wasteful practices
• □L 2.1 Consider costs when choosing care options

Health Advocate

• □HA 1.2 Apply the principles of behaviour change during conversations with patients about adopting healthy behaviours

Scholar

• □S 3.4 Integrate best evidence and clinical expertise into decision-making

Professional

• □P 1.3 Manage ethical issues related to persons with disability encountered in the clinical setting PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Observation focus (check all that apply)

1. ●history
2. ●physical
3. ●diagnosis and management

Rehabilitation population group (check all that apply)

1. ●adult - amputation
2. ●adult - brain injury
3. ●adult - MSK
4. ●adult - neurological
5. ●adult - neuromuscular, spinal cord injury
6. ●adult - stroke
7. ●adult - complex medical condition
8. ●pediatric - amputation/limb deficiency
9. ●pediatric - brain injury/tumour
10. ●pediatric - cerebral palsy
11. ●pediatric - spina bifida
12. ●pediatric - muscular dystrophy
13. ●pediatric - MSK
14. ●other (write in)

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply clinical and biomedical sciences to manage complex patient presentations in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
• □ME 1.6 Adapt care as the complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity of the patient’s clinical situation evolves PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □ME 1.6 Provide evidence informed, patient centred care of one condition in the presence of one or more other conditions
• □ME 2.1 Iteratively establish priorities, considering the perspective of the patient and family (including values and preferences) as the patient’s situation evolves
• □ME 1.4 Perform clinical assessments that address all relevant issues
• □ME 2.2 Focus the clinical encounter, performing it in a time-effective manner, without excluding key elements
• □ME 2.2 Synthesize patient information to determine outcome of physiatric plan
• □ME 2.2 Integrate new findings and changing clinical circumstances into the assessment of the patient’s clinical status
• □ME 2.2 Evaluate the applicability of conflicting data and/or recommendations
• □ME 3.3 Balance risk, effectiveness and priority of interventions in the presence of multiple co-morbidities
• □ME 2.2 Summarize clinical information in a manner that accurately reflects the patient’s presentation
• □ME 2.4 Adjust management plans based on clinical status and/or response to therapy
• □ME 4.1 Determine the necessity and timing of referral to another physician
• □ME 4.1 Determine the frequency and timing of future investigations and visits
• □ME 4.1 Establish plans for ongoing care, taking into consideration all of the patient’s health problems and needs as well as clinical state and preferences

Communicator

• □COM 1.5 Recognize when strong emotions (such as anger, fear, anxiety, or sadness) are affecting an interaction and respond appropriately
• □COM 3.1 Convey information related to the patient’s health status, care, and needs clearly and compassionately

Collaborator

• □COL 1.3 Use referral and consultation as opportunities to improve quality of care and patient safety by sharing expertise
• □COL 3.1 Determine when care should be transferred back to the primary health care professional
• □COL 3.2 Provide safe, efficient and patient-centred transitions between health care PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026) providers as well as between different health care professionals

Leader

• □L 2.1 Use clinical judgment to minimize wasteful practices
• □L 2.1 Consider costs when choosing care options

Health Advocate

• □HA 1.2 Apply the principles of behaviour change during conversations with patients about adopting healthy behaviours

Scholar

• □S 3.4 Integrate best evidence and clinical expertise into decision-making

Professional

• □P 1.3 Manage ethical issues related to persons with disability encountered in the clinical setting PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Observation type

1. ●direct
2. ●indirect

Rehabilitation population group (check all that apply)

1. ●amputation
2. ●brain injury
3. ●musculoskeletal
4. ●neurological
5. ●neuromuscular
6. ●spinal cord injury
7. ●stroke
8. ●other diagnoses (burns/cancer/cardiorespiratory)
9. ●other (write in)

Medical issue

1. ●acute joint swelling
2. ●acute limb swelling
3. ●acute undifferentiated functional deterioration
4. ●acute wound deterioration
5. ●altered level of consciousness
6. ●altered neurological status
7. ●angioedema/anaphylaxis
8. ●autonomic dysreflexia
9. ●code blue
10. ●critical abnormal investigation result
11. ●critical abnormal vitals
12. ●falls/acute trauma
13. ●major hemorrhage
14. ●overdose
15. ●palpitations
16. ●post-traumatic agitation
17. ●pulseless limb
18. ●respiratory distress
19. ●severe acute pain
20. ●urgent mental health and behavioral issues
21. ●other (write in)

Setting

1. ●inpatient rehabilitation
2. ●outpatient clinic
3. ●consultation service
4. ●simulation

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.6 Adapt care as the complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity of the patient’s clinical situation evolves
• □ME 2.2 Focus the clinical encounter, performing it in a time-effective manner, without excluding key elements PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □ME 2.2 Select and interpret the results of investigations and imaging based on differential diagnosis
• □ME 2.4 Develop and implement initial and/or ongoing management plans

Communicator

• □COM 3.1 Convey information related to the patient’s health status, care, and needs clearly and compassionately
• □COM 3.2 Communicate the reasons for unanticipated clinical outcomes to patients and disclose patient safety incidents
• □COM 5.1 Document relevant information

Collaborator

• □COL 2.1 Communicate with the receiving physicians or health care professionals during transitions in care, clarifying issues after transfer, as needed

Leader

• □L 2.1 Consider health care resources and costs when determining the investigation and management plan

Professional

• □P 2.2 Demonstrate a commitment to patient safety and quality improvement through adherence to institutional policies and procedures
• □P 4.1 Integrate skills that support adaptation and recovery in challenging situations PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Observation type

1. ●direct
2. ●indirect

Setting

1. ●consultation service
2. ●inpatient unit
3. ●outpatient clinic
4. ●simulation

Role

1. ●selecting investigation
2. ●interpreting investigation

Investigation

1. ●cardiac stress test
2. ●diagnostic block
3. ●gait lab analysis
4. ●intra-thecal trial or pump refill
5. ●PFT
6. ●shunt assessment
7. ●sleep study
8. ●swallowing study
9. ●urodynamic studies
10. ●image-guided procedure
11. ●MRI
12. ●CT
13. ●radiographs
14. ●other (write in)

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the principles, strengths and limitations of diagnostic investigations
• □ME 2.2 Select appropriate investigations
• □ME 2.2 Interpret the results of investigations in the context of the clinical presentation
• □ME 2.4 Integrate the results of investigations into the patient centered management plan PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Communicator

• □COM 3.1 Convey results of investigations to the patient clearly and compassionately PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Procedure

1. ●arthrocentesis or intra-articular injections
2. ●chemodenervation
3. ●nerve block
4. ●soft tissue injections (e.g., myofascial trigger point, tendon sheath, bursa)
5. ●superficial sharp debridement of wounds
6. ●pump injection (e.g., intrathecal baclofen, pain)
7. ●other (write in)

Anatomic location

1. ●upper limb
2. ●lower limb
3. ●spine
4. ●other (write in)

Setting

1. ●consultation service
2. ●inpatient rehabilitation
3. ●outpatient clinic
4. ●simulation
5. ●other (write in)

Medical Expert

• □ME 3.1 Describe the indications, contraindications, risks, and alternatives for a given procedure or therapy
• □ME 3.1 Describe common procedures or therapies for conditions commonly encountered in Physiatry to patients
• □ME 3.2 Obtain and document informed consent, explaining the risks and benefits of, and the rationale for, a proposed procedure
• □ME 3.4 Gather and/or manage the availability of appropriate instruments and materials PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □ME 3.4 Position the patient appropriately
• □ME 3.4 Demonstrate aseptic technique: skin preparation, establishing and respecting the sterile field
• □ME 3.4 Perform procedures in a skilful, fluid, and safe manner with minimal assistance
• □ME 3.4 Establish and implement a plan for post-procedure care
• □ME 3.4 Recognize and manage immediate complications of a procedure

Communicator

• □COM 3.1 Communicate effectively with patient during a procedure
• □COM 5.1 Document a clinical encounter to convey a procedure and its outcome PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Collaborator

• □COL 1.3 Utilize assisting staff professionally and effectively

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Observation type

1. ●direct
2. ●indirect

Setting

1. ●consultation service
2. ●inpatient unit
3. ●outpatient clinic
4. ●simulation

Procedure (check all that apply)

1. ●lower limb
2. ●upper limb
3. ●cranial/trunk

Complexity

1. ●low
2. ●high

Medical Expert

• □ME 2.2 Select appropriate investigations
• □ME 2.2 Assess a patient’s suitability to proceed with electrodiagnostic testing
• □ME 3.2 Obtain and document informed consent, explaining the risks and benefits of, and the rationale for, a proposed procedure
• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of neuromuscular anatomy and electrophysiology
• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the principles, strengths and limitations of diagnostic investigations PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □ME 2.2 Assess the quality and validity of the study, and any impact on the diagnostic interpretation
• □ME 2.2 Interpret the results of electrodiagnostic testing in the context of the clinical presentation
• □ME 2.4 Integrate the results of electrodiagnostic testing into the patient centered management plan

Communicator

• □COM 3.1 Convey results of investigations to the patient clearly and compassionately PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Meeting type

1. ●interprofessional family or care conference
2. ●team conference or encounter

Setting

1. ●inpatient unit
2. ●outpatient clinic
3. ●simulation

Patient population (check all that apply)

1. ●ABI
2. ●amputation
3. ●MSK
4. ●neuromuscular, neurological
5. ●pediatric
6. ●stroke
7. ●SCI
8. ●other (write in)

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.1 Demonstrate a commitment to high quality care of their patients

Communicator

• □COM 1.3 Modify the approach to the patient, recognizing when the values, biases, or perspectives of patients, physicians, or other health care professionals may have an impact on the quality of care
• □COM 1.4 Manage own non-verbal communication, including in difficult situations
• □COM 1.5 Manage disagreements and emotionally charged conversations PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □COM 3.1 Communicate clearly with patients and others in the setting of ethical dilemmas
• □COM 3.2 Disclose patient safety incidents to the patient and family accurately and appropriately
• □COM 4.1 Facilitate discussions with the patient and family in a way that is respectful, non-judgmental, and culturally safe
• □COM 5.3 Share information with patients, families and other health care providers that respects patient privacy and confidentiality and enhances understanding

Collaborator

• □COL 1.1 Establish and maintain healthy relationships with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions to support relationship- centred collaborative care
• □COL 1.2 Negotiate overlapping and shared care responsibilities with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions in episodic and ongoing care

Leader

• □L 4.2 Facilitate interprofessional meetings, ensuring engagement and participation of attendees and appropriate time management

Professional

• □P 1.1 Intervene when behaviours toward colleagues and/or learners undermine a respectful environment
• □P 1.3 Manage ethical issues related to persons with disability encountered in the clinical setting PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Scholar

• □Part A: S 2.1 Be a positive role model PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □Part A: S 2.2 Create a positive learning environment
• □Part A: S 2.3 Be available and accessible to junior learners
• □Part A: S 2.4 Identify the learning needs and desired learning outcomes of others
• □Part A: S 2.4 Present information in an organized manner to facilitate understanding
• □Part A: S 2.5 Identify behaviours to continue as well as those for improvement
• □Part A: S 2.5 Provide specific suggestions for improvement of performance
• □Part A: S 2.5 Provide examples of learner performance to support the overall assessment
• □Part A: S 2.5 Provide narrative comments that support the overall assessment
• □Part B: S 2.2 Create a positive learning environment
• □Part B: S 2.4 Identify the learning needs and desired learning outcomes of others
• □Part B: S 2.4 Develop learning objectives for a teaching activity adapting to the audience and setting
• □Part B: S 3.3 Critically evaluate the integrity, reliability and applicability of health related research and literature
• □Part B: S 2.4 Present information in an organized manner to facilitate understanding
• □Part B: S 2.4 Use audiovisual aids effectively, as appropriate
• □Part B: S 2.4 Provide adequate time for questions and discussion

Professional

• □Part A: P 1.1 Intervene when behaviours toward colleagues and/or learners undermine a respectful environment
• □Part A: P 1.1 Complete learner assessments in a timely fashion
• □Part B: P 1.1 Intervene when behaviours toward colleagues and/or learners undermine a respectful environment PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Experience type

1. ●bed flow meeting
2. ●billing for clinical encounters and forms
3. ●booking and running senior’s clinic
4. ●completion of forms
5. ●completion of health records
6. ●responding to requests from staff, other physicians & health professionals
7. ●running any physiatry outpatient clinic
8. ●running consultation service
9. ●running inpatient service
10. ●other (write in)

Setting

1. ●inpatient rehabilitation unit
2. ●outpatient physiatry clinic
3. ●consultation service

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.5 Prioritize patients based on the urgency of clinical presentation PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Communicator

• □COM 5.1 Document clinical encounters in an accurate, complete, timely and accessible manner, and in compliance with legal and privacy requirements

Collaborator

• □COL 1.1 Establish and maintain healthy relationships with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions to support relationship-centred collaborative care
• □COL 1.2 Negotiate overlapping and shared care responsibilities with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions in episodic and ongoing care
• □COL 1.3 Engage in respectful shared decision-making with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions
• □COL 2.2 Implement strategies to promote understanding, manage differences, and resolve conflicts in a manner that supports a collaborative culture

Leader

• □L 4.1 Set priorities and manage time to fulfil diverse responsibilities including clinical, administrative, supervisory and teaching responsibilities
• □L 2.2 Apply evidence and management processes to achieve cost- appropriate care

Scholar

• □S 3.4 Integrate best evidence and clinical expertise into decision-making

Professional

• □P 1.1 Respond appropriately to feedback from patients, families and health care professionals
• □P 2.1 Demonstrate accountability to patients, society and profession by adhering to ethical billing practices
• □P 4.1 Manage the mental and physical challenges that impact physician wellness and/or performance in demanding or stressful clinical settings PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.6 Recognize and respond to the complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity inherent in physiatry practice

Leader

• □L 4.2 Adjust educational experiences to gain competencies necessary for future practice PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Scholar

• □S 1.2 Identify opportunities for learning and improvement by using performance data as a basis for self-reflection
• □S 3.1 Generate focused questions that address practice uncertainty and knowledge gaps
• □S 1.1 Develop, implement, and monitor a personal learning plan
• □S 2.5 Role-model regular self-assessment and feedback seeking behavior
• □S 1.1 Identify learning needs to enhance competence across all CanMEDS roles
• □S 1.2 Identify a specific area for improvement related to the needs of their intended community and/or career goals
• □S 1.1 Develop a structured approach to monitor progress of learning, including identifying timelines and accountabilities PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Professional

• □P 2.1 Demonstrate a commitment to maintaining and enhancing competence
• □P 3.1 Fulfil professional standards of practice by participating in programs that record continuing professional development (e.g. Royal College Maintenance of Certification Program)
• □P 4.2 Develop a strategy to manage personal and professional demands for a sustainable independent practice

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Collaborator

• □COL 1.3 Work effectively with physicians and other colleagues

Leader

• □L 3.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the administrative operations of physiatry programs
• □L 3.1 Contribute to improvements in professional practice
• □L 3.2 Facilitate change in health care to enhance services and outcomes
• □L 3.1 Demonstrate leadership skills to enhance health care PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Professional

• □P 2.1 Demonstrate a commitment to active participation in the activities of the profession

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Leader

• □L 3.1 Contribute to improvements in professional practice
• □L 3.2 Facilitate change in health care to enhance services and outcomes
• □L 2.1 Allocate health care resources for optimal patient care

Health Advocate

• □HA 2.3 Contribute to a process to improve health in the communities or populations served
• □HA 1.2 Work with patients and their families to increase opportunities to adopt healthy behaviours
• □HA 1.1 Identify barriers to access and care for individual patients
• □HA 1.3 Incorporate disease prevention, health promotion, and health surveillance into interactions with individual patients
• □HA 2.3 Identify and respond to unmet health care needs within one’s practice PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Leader

• □L 4.1 Organize work to manage clinical, scholarly and other responsibilities

Scholar

• □S 4.4 Identify, consult and collaborate with content experts and others in the conduct of scholarly work
• □S 4.4 Generate focused questions for scholarly investigation
• □S 3.3 Critically evaluate the integrity, reliability and applicability of health related research and literature
• □S 4.5 Summarize the findings of a literature review
• □S 4.4 Select appropriate methods of addressing a given scholarly question
• □S 4.2 Identify ethical principles in research
• □S 4.4 Collect data for a scholarly work PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION (2026)
• □S 4.4 Perform data analysis
• □S 4.4 Integrate existing literature and findings of data collection
• □S 4.4 Identify areas for further investigation
• □S 4.5 Defend and disseminate the results of research

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps