Medical Oncology
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada · 1.0 · 15 EPAs
Also available in French.
Every EPA in the published guide, shown as the form DebriefMD fills in, with its fields and answer options.
Transition to Discipline
TTD-1
Assessing and managing a patient in the outpatient clinic
Key features and assessment plan
- The focus of this EPA is the application of the skills of Internal Medicine in the environment of the outpatient cancer clinic. This includes performing a tailored clinical assessment, accessing and compiling available data, ordering investigations and follow-up appointments, and presenting and documenting the case. - This EPA also includes working effectively with members of the outpatient team and accessing their expertise to provide patient care. - This EPA does not include managing oncology specific issues
Direct and/or indirect observation (i.e. case discussion) by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Type of interaction: consultation; follow-up visit - Type of observation: direct; indirect Collect 2 observations of achievement - At least 1 for each type of interaction - At least 1 direct
Suggested observations: 2
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Type of interaction
- consultation
- follow-up visit
Type of observation
- direct
- indirect
Medical Expert
- ME 1.4 Perform a clinical assessment for a patient with cancer, including relevant psychosocial factors
- ME 2.1 Recognize when an outpatient needs more urgent care
- ME 1.6 Identify and seek assistance in situations that are complex, uncertain, ambiguous or new
- ME 2.2 Assemble data pertinent to the patient’s visit, including but not limited to available laboratory, pathology, and medical imaging reports
Communicator
- COM 5.1 Convey the clinical encounter to a supervisor
Collaborator
- COL 2.1 Interact professionally with other health care professionals and staff in the outpatient clinic
Professional
- P 1.1 Demonstrate punctuality
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
Foundations
F-1
Providing an assessment and basic management plan for patients seen in consultation
Key features and assessment plan
- The focus of this EPA is the demonstration of a rational and consistent approach to patient consultation. - This includes: o Gathering clinical and diagnostic information related to new patients seen in consultation o Assimilating this information to provide an oncologic assessment o Developing a basic management plan which includes appropriate next steps - In Foundations the focus is patients with lung, colorectal, prostate or breast cancer for adjuvant or first-line metastatic treatment - This EPA includes documenting findings and recommendations in a concise and accurate consultation note conveying recommendations in a structured, comprehensive and succinct manner. The trainee can be entrusted when the document requires minor or no editing. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: assessment and basic management plan; documentation of the clinical encounter.
Part A: Assessment and basic management plan Direct and indirect observation (i.e. case discussion) by supervisor Use Form 1. Form must collect information on: - Cancer site: lung; breast; colorectal; prostate; other - If “other” identify cancer site: [input text] - Goal of management: adjuvant/curative; palliative - Comorbidities: [input text] - Type of observation: direct; indirect Collect at least 5 observations of achievement - At least 2 different cancer sites - At least 2 different goals of management - At least 2 direct observations - At least 2 different observers Part B: Documentation of clinical encounter Review of consultation note or letter by supervisor with whom the patient was seen Use Form 1 Collect 5 observations of achievement
Suggested observations: 5
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 2.1 Ascertain the patient’s understanding of the reason for the consultation
- Part A: ME 2.2 Perform a comprehensive clinical assessment (including performance status and goals of care)
- Part A: ME 2.2 Interpret available investigations and ascertain which additional investigations/diagnostic tests are required to complete the assessment and allow formulation of a management plan
- Part A: ME 2.2 Synthesize and interpret information from the clinical assessment and investigations to provide an impression
- Part A: ME 2.2 Stage breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancers using the tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) system or other relevant classification system
- Part A: ME 2.4 Develop an initial evidence-based management plan that is aligned with the patient’s goals of care
- Part A: ME 2.4 Identify comorbidities and other factors that may impact management plan
- Part A: ME 4.1 Identify and perform the steps required to initiate the management plan
- Part A: ME 4.1 Provide recommendations for additional investigations and next steps in management and treatment
- Part A: ME 1.3 Apply a broad base and depth of knowledge of the clinical and biomedical sciences as they apply to the development, diagnosis, and management of common cancers
- Part B: ME 3.2 Demonstrate the hallmarks of informed consent
Communicator
- Part A: COM 3.1 Provide effective explanations of the proposed goals of treatment and/or management
- Part A: COM 3.1 Verify understanding of the information conveyed
- Part A: COM 1.4 Respond to patients’ non-verbal communication and use appropriate non-verbal behaviours to enhance communication with patients
- Part A: COM 2.1 Use patient centred interviewing skills to elicit and address the patient’s understanding of their diagnosis and prognosis (including fears, concerns and expectations of health care professionals) 15 F COM 2.1Integrate and synthesize and present information about the patient’s beliefs, values, context, and expectations with biomedical and psychosocial information
- Part A: COM 2.1 Explore the impact of the cancer diagnosis on the patient’s ability to achieve their own personal goals
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document clinical encounters in an accurate, timely, and complete manner
- Part B: COM 5.2 Communicate effectively using a written health record, electronic medical record, or other digital technology
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document clinical encounters to adequately convey clinical reasoning and the rationale for evidence-based decisions and plans to deal with the ongoing issues
Collaborator
- Part A: COL 3.1 Identify patients requiring handover to other physicians or health care professionals
- Part B: COL 3.2 Communicate with the patient’s primary health care professional about the patient’s care
- Part B: COL 3.2 Summarize the patient’s issues in the dictated consultation note, including plans to deal with the ongoing issues
Leader
- Part A: L 2.1 Recognize financial impact of diagnostic tests and treatments
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
F-2
Providing assessment and basic management for ongoing care
Key features and assessment plan
- The focus of this EPA is on providing appropriate follow-up assessment and management of patients with cancer. - This EPA includes assessing response to treatment, recognizing and assessing treatment related toxicities and complications of cancer, implementing supportive measures or a change or discontinuation of therapy when necessary, and arranging subsequent investigations, consultations and follow-up. - This EPA also includes documenting concise and accurate follow-up clinic notes, conveying recommendations in a structured, comprehensive and succinct manner. The trainee can be entrusted when the document requires minor or no editing. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: management; documentation of the clinical encounter.
Part A: Management Direct and indirect observation (i.e. case discussion) by supervisor Use Form 1. Form must collect information on: - Cancer site: lung; breast; colorectal; prostate; other - If “other” identify site: [input text] - Stage of cancer continuum: adjuvant/curative on treatment; metastatic on treatment; surveillance/survivorship; supportive care only; other - Comorbidities: [input text] - Type of observation: direct; indirect Collect 5 observations of achievement - At least 2 different cancer sites - At least 3 different stages of the cancer continuum - At least 2 direct observations - At least 2 different observers Part B: Documentation of clinical encounter Review of clinic note or letter by supervisor with whom the patient was seen Use Form 1 Collect 5 observations of achievement
Suggested observations: 5
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 2.2 Perform a focused, context-specific clinical assessment, including reassessing the patient’s performance status
- Part A: ME 2.2 Select and interpret investigations to assess for tolerance of treatment and response to therapy
- Part A: ME 2.2 Synthesize and interpret information from the clinical assessment and investigations and implement a management plan
- Part A: ME 2.1 Ascertain and address the patient’s and/or the family’s understanding of the medical situation and reason for the encounter
- Part A: ME 4.1 Identify acute, subacute, long-term and/or late effects from cancer diagnosis and/or therapeutic interventions, and initiate basic management plan
- Part A: ME 4.1 Coordinate investigation, treatment, and follow-up plans when multiple physicians and health care professionals are involved
- Part B: ME 3.2 Demonstrate the hallmarks of informed consent
Communicator
- Part A: COM 2.1 Use patient-centred interviewing skills to effectively gather all relevant biomedical and psychosocial information
- Part A: COM 2.2 Manage the flow of challenging patient encounters, including but not limited to those with angry and distressed individuals who are dealing with serious and difficult news
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document clinical encounters in an accurate, timely, and complete manner
- Part B: COM 5.2 Communicate effectively using a written health record, electronic medical record, or other digital technology
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document clinical encounters to adequately convey clinical reasoning, the rationale for evidence-based decisions and plans to deal with the ongoing issues
Collaborator
- Part A: COL 3.1 Identify patients requiring handover to other physicians or health care professionals
- Part A: COL 1.1 Receive and appropriately respond to questions and input from other health care professionals
- Part A: COL 1.2 Recognize when situations of shared or overlapping responsibility arise over the cancer care continuum
- Part B: COL 3.2 Summarize the patient’s issues in the dictated discharge or transfer note, as applicable
Health Advocate
- Part A: HA 1.3 Work with patients and families to identify opportunities for cancer prevention, health promotion and health protection
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
F-3
Prescribing systemic therapy (basic contexts)
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA focuses on prescribing systemic therapies and associated supportive medications in basic contexts, such as regimens used for the adjuvant or first line metastatic treatment of patients with breast, colon, lung or prostate cancer. - This EPA applies to patients that do not require initial dose modification for age, performance status or co-morbidities, and to regimens for which there are no drug access issues. - This EPA includes identifying risks and benefits of systemic therapy, obtaining informed consent, maintaining safe prescription practice including evaluation of the patient for relevant toxicities/changes in performance status, and arranging appropriate investigations and follow up.
Direct or indirect observation (i.e. case discussion) by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Cancer site: breast; lung; colorectal; prostate; other - If “other” identify site: [input text] - Goal of management: adjuvant/curative; neoadjuvant; palliative - Type of order: new order; repeat order; modification for toxicity - Type of therapy (choose all that apply): oral; IV; cytotoxic; hormonal; targeted; immunotherapy - Direct observation of consent process: yes; no Collect at least 5 observations of achievement - At least 2 cancer sites - At least 1 modification of therapy for toxicity - At least 2 different types of therapies or combinations - At least 1 direct observation of informed consent process - At least 3 different observers
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Cancer site
- breast
- lung
- colorectal
- prostate
- other
Goal of management
- adjuvant/curative
- neoadjuvant
- palliative
Type of order
- new order
- repeat order
- modification for toxicity
Type of therapy (choose all that apply)
- oral
- IV
- cytotoxic
- hormonal
- targeted
- immunotherapy
Direct observation of consent process
- yes
- no
Medical Expert
- ME 1.3 Apply a broad base and depth of knowledge of the clinical and biomedical sciences as they apply to the development, diagnosis, and management of common cancers
- ME 3.1 Describe the risks and benefits of the proposed systemic therapies (including acute, subacute, long-term and late toxicities from the selected agents)
- ME 3.2 Obtain informed consent for the selected regimen
- ME 3.5 Describe institutional standards for prescribing systemic therapies
- ME 3.5 Direct delivery of systemic therapies
- ME 4.1 Implement required adjustments in systemic therapy and/or supportive care
- ME 5.1 Recognize the occurrence of patient safety incidents, including but not limited to prescription errors (such as wrong drug or dose)
- ME 5.2 Regularly and systematically use strategies to enhance safe prescription of systemic therapies such as reference protocols from a provincial cancer agency, computerized order entry, or pre-printed orders
- ME 3.5 Ensure accurate regimen and dose selection during prescribing process
- ME 2.2 Ensure bloodwork and other appropriate diagnostic tests are adequate to proceed with selected regimen
- ME 4.1 Arrange appropriate follow-up including but not limited to pre-therapy bloodwork, clinic visit, and systemic therapy appointment
Collaborator
- COL 1.2 Respond to questions from pharmacists and nurses about systemic therapy and supportive care orders
Health Advocate
- HA 1.1 Demonstrate an approach to working with patients to advocate for the health services or resources they need
Scholar
- S 3.2 Select, navigate, and recognize limitations of pre-appraised resources, including but not limited to provincial drug formulary and regimen information, evidence-based guidelines, risk stratification tools, and nomograms
Professional
- P 2.2 Adhere to institutional policies and procedures related to prescribing systemic therapy
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
F-4
Discussing serious news
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA focuses on managing the flow of conversations held with patients and their families, including but not limited to serious diagnoses, prognosis of cancer, changes in status, or transitions to different goals of treatment. - This EPA includes applying a depth of knowledge of cancer, strong communication skills, and using a patient-centred approach to support patients and their families through difficult discussions. - It includes listening to, informing and involving patients in their care. - The Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines patient-centred care as: “Providing care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient preferences, needs and values, and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions”. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: direct observation by supervisor; multisource feedback from patient and family
Part A: Supervisor observation Direct observation by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Disease context: unexpected adjuvant treatment recommendation; new diagnosis of incurable disease; progressive disease; therapy modification; other - If “other” identify disease context: [input text] Collect 3 observations of achievement Part B: Feedback from patient and family Multiple observers provide feedback individually, which is then collated into one report Use form 3 (MSF). Form collects information on: - Observer: patient; family Collect 3 observations of achievement
Suggested observations: 3
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Disease context
- unexpected adjuvant treatment recommendation
- new diagnosis of incurable disease
- progressive disease
- therapy modification
- other
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 2.1 Ascertain the patient’s and/or the family’s understanding of the medical situation and reason for the encounter
- Part A: ME 2.4 Discuss the degree of uncertainty inherent to the clinical situation
Communicator
- Part A: COM 1.6 Ascertain the patient’s desire for amount and detail of information
- Part A: COM 3.1 Share information in a compassionate, patient-centred and accurate manner
- Part A: COM 1.4 Identify, verify, and validate cues and respond with appropriate communication techniques to establish rapport
- Part A: COM 1.1 Provide empathic responses, as appropriate
- Part A: COM 3.1 Provide effective explanations for the proposed goals of treatment and/or management
- Part A: COM 3.1 Verify understanding of information conveyed
- Part A: COM 4.3 Engage the patient in shared decision-making regarding investigations and treatment options
- Part A: COM 1.6 Assess how each patient’s personal story impacts their unique needs and preferences
- Part A: COM 2.2 Manage the flow of the encounter
- Part A: COM 2.2 Summarize and close the encounter effectively
- Part B: COM 1.1 Listen to patient concerns
- Part B: COM 3.1 Share information in a way that helps patients understand the medical situation
- Part B: COM 4.3 Answer questions in a way that helps patient understand their options
- Part B: COM 1.1 Help patients feel respected and safe
- Part B: COM 3.1 Check that patients understand the next steps in their care
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
F-5
Assessing and managing urgent or emergent oncology scenarios
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA includes recognizing urgent and emergent scenarios, responding with appropriate timely patient-centred management, and communicating with other health care professionals. - This EPA may be observed in the clinical or simulation setting.
Direct and/or indirect observation by supervisor (i.e. case discussion, written notes, verbal communication, reflective case review with resident, and/or handover reports) Use Form 1. Form collects information on - Comorbidities: [input text] - Direct observation: yes; no - Setting: clinical; simulation Collect 3 observations of achievement - At least 1 direct observation (may be simulation) - At least 2 different observers
Suggested observations: 3
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Direct observation
- yes
- no
Setting
- clinical
- simulation
Medical Expert
- ME 2.1 Recognize an urgent or emergent oncology situation and respond in a timely manner
- ME 1.5 Prioritize multiple competing tasks
- ME 2.4 Develop and implement a management plan aligned with the patient’s preferences and goals of care
- ME 3.5 Manage the serious adverse events resulting from systemic therapy or complications of cancer
Collaborator
- COL 1.3 Communicate with other healthcare professionals to advocate for the timely management of the patient with an urgent/emergent oncology problem
- COL 3.1 Provide appropriate handover to other physicians or healthcare professionals, effectively
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
F-6
Coordinating patient care to access health services
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA includes applying knowledge of the roles of other members of the health care team, communicating effectively with team members when receiving and acting on their input, identifying barriers to patients receiving the health services they need, and using knowledge of the system to work with the team to overcome those barriers. Trainees will be expected to work effectively in a collaborative, primarily interdisciplinary environment. - This EPA may be observed in any clinical context and applies to accessing diagnostics, therapeutics and any other resources. - When this EPA is achieved the supervisor is able to trust that the trainee can work collaboratively with the team members to get the patient and family the services they need. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: coordinating patient care; multisource feedback from the health care team.
Part A: Coordination of patient care Indirect observation by supervising oncologist (review of case, chart stimulated recall) Use form 1. Collect 2 successful observations of achievement Part B: Multisource feedback Multiple observers provide feedback individually, which is then collated into one report Use form 3 (MSF). Form collects information on: - Healthcare professional role: nurse; pharmacist; other - If “other” identify role: [input text] Collect feedback on 2 occasions during Foundations, once within the first 2 months and again at end of stage - At least 1 nurse - At least 1 pharmacist
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Healthcare professional role
- nurse
- pharmacist
- other
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 4.1 Coordinate investigation, treatment, and follow-up when multiple services are involved
- Part B: ME 4.1 Coordinate investigation, treatment, and follow-up when multiple services are involved
Communicator
- Part A: COM 5.1 Communicate and document orders and management plan effectively
- Part B: COM 5.1 Communicate and document orders and management plan effectively
Collaborator
- Part A: COL 1.2 Delegate or take primary responsibility when situations of shared or overlapping responsibility arise
- Part A: COL 2.1 Recognize and respect the diversity of expertise among health care professionals
- Part B: COL 1.1 Receive and appropriately respond to questions and input from other health care professionals
- Part B: COL 1.2 Delegate or take primary responsibility when situations of shared or overlapping responsibility arise
- Part B: COL 2.2 Manage differences, and resolve conflicts respectfully
Health Advocate
- Part A: HA 1.1 Work with other health care providers to overcome barriers the patient may encounter in the health care system
- Part B: HA 1.1 Work with other health care providers to overcome barriers the patient may encounter in the health care system
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
Core
C-1
Assessing new patients seen in consultation and planning management
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA builds on the competencies achieved in Foundations and expands to include detailed evidence-based management recommendations and encompass consultations for all new patients across the cancer spectrum. - This EPA includes gathering and incorporating all necessary clinical and diagnostic information, providing management plan recommendations that are evidence-based and patient-centred, carrying out comprehensive consent discussions for any form of systemic therapy using language tailored to the individual patient, and making referrals to appropriate specialists and resources as required. - This EPA also includes documenting findings, assessment and plans in an effective consultation note conveying recommendations in a structured, comprehensive, and succinct manner. Documentation should include goals of therapy, summary of therapy, including incremental magnitude of benefit and key side effects, as well as patient-specific concerns and modifications. The trainee can be entrusted when the document is conceived independently and requires minor or no editing. - The resident will be responsible for reviewing documentation with the supervisor within one week of the encounter. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: management; documentation.
Part A: Management Direct and indirect observation (i.e. case discussion, simulated chart review) with document review by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Cancer site: [input text] - Comorbidities: [input text] - Goal of management: adjuvant; palliative; curative - Complexity: special population; lack of evidence or uncertainty; other - Type of observation: direct; indirect Collect 10 observations of achievement - At least 5 different cancer sites - At least 1 hemato-oncology - At least 1 non-epithelial cancer (e.g. sarcoma, lymphoproliferative) - At least 2 patients with competing comorbidities - At least 5 cases dealing with special populations - At least 1 with a lack of evidence or uncertainty - At least 3 direct observations - At least 5 different observers Part B: Documentation Review of clinical documentation by supervisor with whom the patient was seen (clinic note or letter, orders, referrals, and requests as applicable) Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Documents reviewed: [input text] Collect 12 observations of achievement - At least 10 reviews of chart - At least 1 clinical note that involve clinical trial discussion - At least 1 review of correspondence for treatment reimbursement (government or private insurance)
Suggested observations: 10
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Goal of management
- adjuvant
- palliative
- curative
Complexity
- special population
- lack of evidence or uncertainty
- other
Type of observation
- direct
- indirect
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the clinical and biomedical sciences to the diagnosis and management of the clinical problem
- Part A: ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of clinical and biomedical sciences as they relate to the management of cancers that arise in special populations, including but not limited to immune suppressed, pregnant, and geriatric populations
- Part A: ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the natural history of cancers, including risk factors, incidence and prevalence, genetic predisposition, growth and dissemination patterns, and prognostic variables across the full range of cancer presentations
- Part A: ME 1.4 Perform comprehensive clinical assessments of patients presenting with the full range of presentations in Medical Oncology
- Part A: ME 1.6 Develop a plan that considers the complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity inherent in the practice of Medical Oncology
- Part A: ME 2.2 Synthesize and interpret investigations, and order additional investigations required to complete staging and provide additional information needed to make treatment decisions
- Part A: ME 2.4 Develop and implement evidence-based and patient-centred management plans aligned with the goals of care
- Part A: ME 3.3 Consider appropriate alternatives for therapies or diagnostic or therapeutic procedures based on available resources
- Part A: ME 2.2 Identify patients that may be eligible for clinical trials
- Part B: ME 3.2 Obtain and document informed consent for therapies and procedures, explaining the risks, benefits and rationale while acknowledging uncertainty
Communicator
- Part A: COM 2.1 Explore the impact of the cancer diagnosis on the patient’s ability to achieve their own personal goals
- Part A: COM 3.1 Convey information regarding diagnosis, prognosis, plan of care, change in clinical status, or uncertainty in a clear, compassionate, respectful, and accurate manner to the patient and family
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document clinical encounters to adequately convey clinical reasoning and the rationale for evidence-based decisions
- Part B: COM 5.1 Identify and correct vague or ambiguous documentation
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document multidisciplinary case conference discussions in a summary report when appropriate
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document and share information about the medical encounter to optimize clinical decision-making, patient safety, confidentiality, and privacy within the multi-disciplinary team
Collaborator
- Part A: COL 1.2 Negotiate and clearly ascertain primary, overlapping, and shared responsibilities with physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions
- Part B: COL 1.3 Provide timely and necessary written information to colleagues to enable effective relationship-centred care
Leader
- Part A: L 2.2 Apply evidence and guidelines with respect to resource utilization in common clinical scenarios
Health Advocate
- Part A: HA 1.1 Advocate effectively for individual patients to help them overcome barriers to accessing the most effective evidence-based therapies, and receive the health services they need to effectively treat their cancer
- Part A: HA 1.3 Identify opportunities for fertility preservation
- Part A: HA 1.3 Identify opportunities for testing for familial or hereditary disposition to cancer
Scholar
- Part A: S 3.1 Generate focused questions that address practice uncertainty and knowledge gaps
- Part A: S 3.3 Critically evaluate the integrity, reliability, and applicability of health-related research and literature
- Part A: S 3.4 Recognize when the best available evidence is limited or of poor quality and develop a strategy to deal with it, including but not limited to determining optimal treatments for rare tumors or under-represented populations
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
C-2
Providing comprehensive assessment and management for ongoing care
Key features and assessment plan
- The focus of this EPA is the provision of ongoing care to patients across the cancer spectrum, including those with ambiguous, complex or rare problems - This includes documenting findings, assessment and plans in an effective note conveying recommendations in a structured, comprehensive and succinct manner. Documentation should include goals of therapy, summary of therapy including incremental magnitude of benefit and key side effects as well as patient specific concerns and modifications. The trainee can be entrusted when the document is conceived independently and requires minor or no editing. - The resident will be responsible for reviewing documentation with the supervisor within one week of the encounter. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: management; documentation
Part A: Management Direct or indirect observation by supervisor (i.e. case discussion) Use Form 1. Form must collect information on: - Cancer site: [input text] - Goal of management: [input text] - Regimen: [input text] - Decision (choose all that apply): dose modification or omission; detailed response assessment; modification in supportive care; change in regimen or line of therapy; change in duration of therapy; consultation for therapeutic intervention or symptom management Collect 20 observations of achievement - At least 2 cases of each cancer site (breast, CRC, upper GI, lung, prostate, non- prostate GU, lymphoproliferative, gynecologic) - At least 1 each from melanoma, sarcoma, head and neck - At least 2 cases involving each systemic therapy modality - At least 3 cases requiring change in regimen or line of therapy (this will encompass a detailed response assessment) - At least 2 cases of decision regarding changes to duration of therapy - At least 3 cases involving consultation to another specialty for either therapeutic intervention or symptom management - At least 4 different observers Part B: Documentation Review of clinical documentation by supervisor with whom the patient was seen (clinic note or letter, orders, referrals, and requests as applicable) Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Documents reviewed: [input text] Collect 20 observations of achievement - At least 10 reviews of encounter documents - At least 2 documents that involve clinical trial discussion - At least 1 review of correspondence for treatment reimbursement (government or private insurance) - At least 1 review of correspondence for patient benefits (government, WSIB, private insurance etc.)
Suggested observations: 20
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 1.4 Make recommendations that are evidence based, organized and aligned with existing or revised goals of care
- Part A: ME 3.2 Obtain and document informed consent for therapies and procedures, explaining the risks, benefits, and rationale while acknowledging uncertainty
- Part A: ME 4.1 Perform clinical assessment including addressing toxicities from therapeutic interventions (acute, subacute, long-term and/or late), symptoms related to cancer and response to therapy
- Part A: ME 4.1 Identify and anticipate a patient’s upcoming care needs
- Part A: ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the clinical and biomedical sciences relevant to Medical Oncology
- Part A: ME 2.1 Prioritize issues to be addressed in a patient encounter, including the patient’s context and preferences
- Part A: ME 2.3 Establish goals of care in collaboration with patients and their families
- Part A: ME 4.1 Implement a patient-centred, evidence-based management plan based on clinical assessment
- Part A: ME 2.4 Consider and recommend appropriate and available clinical trials when assessing patients for change of therapy
- Part B: ME 3.2 Obtain and document informed consent for therapies and procedures, explaining the risks, benefits, and rationale while acknowledging uncertainty
Communicator
- Part A: COM 1.3 Recognize when the values, biases, or perspectives of patients, physicians, or other health care professionals may have an impact on the quality of care, and modify the approach to the patient accordingly
- Part A: COM 1.5 Communicate using a patient-centred approach during challenging patient encounters, including when the proposed goals of care articulated by the patient or their family cannot be achieved
- Part A: COM 3.1 Convey information regarding diagnosis, prognosis, plan of care, change in clinical status or uncertainty in a clear, compassionate, respectful and accurate manner to the patient and family
- Part A: COM 3.2 Communicate the reasons for unanticipated clinical outcomes to patients and disclose patient safety incidents
- Part A: COM 4.1 Facilitate discussions with the patient and family in a way that is respectful, non- judgmental, and culturally safe
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document clinical encounters to adequately convey clinical reasoning and the rationale for evidence-based decisions
- Part B: COM 5.1 Identify and correct vague or ambiguous documentation
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document multidisciplinary case conference discussions in a summary report when appropriate
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document and share information about the medical encounter to optimize clinical decision-making, patient safety, confidentiality and privacy within the multi- disciplinary team
Collaborator
- Part A: COL 1.2 Negotiate and clearly ascertain primary, overlapping, and shared responsibilities with physicians and their colleagues in the health care professions
- Part A: COL 3.2 Demonstrate safe handover of care, both verbal and written, during patient transitions to a different health care professional, setting or stage of care
- Part B: COL 1.3 Provide timely and necessary written information to colleagues to enable effective relationship-centred care
- Part B: COL 3.2 Demonstrate safe handover of care, both verbal and written, during patient transitions to and from other members of the multi-disciplinary team
Health Advocate
- Part A: HA 1.2 Work with the patient and family to increase opportunities to adopt healthy behaviours
- Part A: HA 1.3 Incorporate disease prevention, health promotion, and health surveillance activities into interactions with individual patients
Scholar
- Part A: S 3.1 Generate focused questions that address practice uncertainty and knowledge gaps
- Part A: S 3.3 Critically evaluate the integrity, reliability, and applicability of health-related research and literature
- Part A: S 4.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the scientific principles of research and scholarly inquiry and the role of research evidence in health care
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
C-3
Prescribing systemic therapy
Key features and assessment plan
- The focus of this EPA is prescribing systemic therapies and associated supportive medications to a wide range of patients. It includes evaluation for relevant toxicities, co-morbidities and/or changes in performance status, the appropriate choice and prescription of treatment. It also includes discussing the prescription with the patient to obtain appropriate informed consent. - This EPA builds on the competencies of Foundations to add cases of greater complexity (all cancers, all systemic therapies, complex patient factors (social, psychologic, co-morbidities, venous access)) and includes neoadjuvant, second line and beyond, and complex regimens, as well as patients requiring initial dose modifications. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: prescription of therapy; communication and collaboration.
Part A: Prescription of therapy Direct or indirect observation (i.e. case discussion) by supervisor, with review of consult or progress notes, and systemic therapy order entry Use Form 1. Form must collect information on: - Cancer site: [input text] - Regimen: [input text] - Comorbidities: [input text] - Direct observation of informed consent: yes; no Collect 10 observations of achievement - At least 4 cancer sites - At least 5 different regimens - At least 2 modification of therapy - At least 2 direct observations of informed consent - At least 4 different observers Part B: Communication and collaboration Multiple observers provide feedback individually, which is then collated to one report Use Form 3 (MSF). Collect feedback on 2 occasions during Core, once at midpoint and again at end of stage
Suggested observations: 10
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 1.3 Apply a broad base and depth of knowledge of the clinical and biomedical sciences as they apply to the development, diagnosis, and management of all cancers
- Part A: ME 3.1 Describe the risks and benefits of the systemic therapies, individually and collectively, in the selected regimen (including acute, subacute, long-term and late toxicities from the selected agents)
- Part A: ME 3.2 Obtain informed consent for the selected regimen
- Part A: ME 3.5 Describe institutional standards for prescribing systemic therapies
- Part A: ME 3.5 Direct the delivery of systemic therapies
- Part A: ME 4.1 Implement required initial adjustments in systemic therapy and/or supportive care based on patient's health status, performance status or co- morbidities
- Part A: ME 4.1 Implement required adjustments in systemic therapy and/or supportive care based on evaluation of patient’s tolerance of treatment
- Part A: ME 5.1 Recognize the occurrence of patient safety incidents, including but not limited to prescription errors (such as wrong drug or dose)
- Part A: ME 5.2 Regularly and systematically use strategies to enhance safe prescription of systemic therapies such as reference protocols from a provincial cancer agency, computerized order entry, or pre-printed orders
- Part A: ME 3.5 Ensure accurate regimen and dose selection during prescribing process
- Part A: ME 2.2 Ensure bloodwork and other appropriate diagnostic tests are adequate to proceed with selected regimen
- Part A: ME 4.1 Arrange appropriate follow-up including but not limited to pre-therapy bloodwork, clinic visit, and systemic therapy appointment
Communicator
- Part B: COM 3.1 Convey information related to the patient’s health status, care and needs in a timely, honest, and transparent manner
Collaborator
- Part B: COL 1.2 Respond to questions from pharmacists and nurses about systemic therapy and supportive care orders
- Part B: COL 1.2 Collaborate with healthcare professionals to access prescribed medications
- Part B: COL 1.3 Communicate management plan and level of urgency to other specialties appropriately
- Part B: COL 2.1 Show respect towards other team members
Health Advocate
- Part A: HA 1.1 Initiate a plan for the patient to access prescribed medications, if necessary
- Part B: HA 1.1 Initiate a plan for the patient to access prescribed medications, if necessary
Scholar
- Part A: S 3.2 Select, navigate, and recognize limitations of pre-appraised resources, including but not limited to provincial drug formulary and regimen information, evidence-based guidelines, risk stratification tools, and nomograms
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
C-4
Transitioning away from active anti-cancer therapy
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA focuses on the conversations held with patients and their families regarding changes in status of prognosis with a transition away from active anti-cancer therapy to supportive/end of life care. - This EPA includes applying a depth of knowledge of cancer and strong communication skills, using a patient-centred approach to support patients and their families through difficult transitions. - This EPA includes aspects of pain and symptom management and palliative care (PSMPC) including advanced care planning (ACP) discussions and if raised, medical assistance in dying (MAID).
Direct observation by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Setting: outpatient; hospital; scheduled family meeting Collect 3 observations of achievement - At least 2 different observers
Suggested observations: 3
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Setting
- outpatient
- hospital
- scheduled family meeting
Medical Expert
- ME 2.1 Reassess patient’s priorities, information preferences and goals of care as the patient’s clinical situation evolves
- ME 2.3 Share concerns about patient’s goals that may not be achievable and initiate discussion about addressing these concerns
- ME 4.1 Establish and implement ongoing plans for care which include but are not limited to referral to: a family physician; pain and symptom management/palliative care; home care/community services ; psychological and spiritual support services
Communicator
- COM 1.6 Explore and confirm the patient’s wishes regarding advanced care planning
- COM 1.5 Respectfully discuss differences of opinion regarding discontinuation of direct anti-cancer therapy
- COM 1.5 Convey complex or sensitive information regarding prognosis, plan of care, change in clinical status or uncertainty in a clear, compassionate, respectful, and accurate manner
- COM 2.2 Manage the flow of challenging and emotionally charged patient encounters
Collaborator
- COL 3.2 Organize the handover of care to the most appropriate physician or health care professional
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
C-5
Providing longitudinal outpatient care to patients
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA focuses on the comprehensive longitudinal management of outpatients as the most responsible physician, including but not limited to: direct patient care, unplanned visits, and indirect patient care (follow up on test results, completing forms, answering phone calls). - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: patient assessment; working effectively with the interprofessional team
Part A: Patient assessment Direct or indirect observation (i.e. case discussion, review of written notes) by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on - Goal of management: adjuvant; neoadjuvant; curative; palliative - Comorbidities: [input text] - Direct observation: yes; no Collect 5 observations of achievement - At least 2 direct observations Part B: Working effectively with the interprofessional team Multiple observers provide feedback which is then collated into one report Use Form 3. Form collects information on - Observer role: clinic manager; secretary/clerk; nurse; pharmacist; other healthcare worker Collect feedback from a minimum of 3 observers on two occasions during Core
Suggested observations: 5
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Goal of management
- adjuvant
- neoadjuvant
- curative
- palliative
Direct observation
- yes
- no
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 4.1 Implement a patient-centred care, evidence-based management plan based on clinical assessment
- Part A: ME 4.1 Refer patients to appropriate supportive care services
- Part A: ME 3.3 Advocate for the timely implementation of a patient’s therapies and procedures based on urgency and available resources
Collaborator
- Part A: COL 3.1 Ensure continuity of care when away or unavailable
- Part B: COL 1.2 Respond to the concerns of other health care professionals regarding the patient’s management in a timely manner
Leader
- Part B: L 4.1 Effectively manage clinical duties including clinic flow, prioritization of cases, and delegation of duties when appropriate
Health Advocate
- Part A: HA 1.1 Advocate effectively for individual patients to help them overcome barriers to accessing the most effective evidence-based therapies, and receive the health services or resources they need to effectively treat their cancer
Professional
- Part B: P 1.1 Behave in a professional and respectful manner towards staff and patients
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
C-6
Working with other physicians and healthcare providers to provide multidisciplinary care
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA includes: recognizing when input from other specialists is required for optimal oncological management (curative or palliative), presenting and advocating for that patient in multidisciplinary rounds (e.g. site specific cancer board, minimally invasive palliative procedure conference etc.), and performing appropriate follow up to ensure that the plan is implemented (orders, communication with patient, other MDs, other health care professionals). - This EPA focuses on the competencies needed to successfully care and advocate for a patient within a multidisciplinary team of specialists. This includes leadership in the planning and coordination of care, effective and timely communication, and the application of skills in conflict resolution. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: supervisor observation; feedback from the multidisciplinary team - This EPA must be observed at least once every 3 months during Core.
Part A: Supervisor observation Direct observation and/or indirect observation by supervisor. Direct observation will occur at multidisciplinary rounds. Indirect observation may include review of referral, communication and collaboration with other physicians (emails, calls, letters) Use Form 1. Form collects information on - Cancer site: [input text] - Clinical problem: brain metastases; pain; other - Specialists involved: (choose all that apply): radiation oncologist; surgical oncologist; PSMPC (pain and symptom management palliative care) physician; interventional radiologist; other - Observation: direct observation of presentation at multidisciplinary rounds; indirect observation Collect 3 observations of achievement - At least 2 presentations at multidisciplinary rounds Part B: Multisource feedback Multiple observers provide feedback individually, which is then collated to one report Use Form 3 (MSF). Form collects information on: - Role of observer: radiation oncologist; surgical oncologist; PSMPC (pain and symptom management palliative care) team member; interventional radiologist; other Collect feedback on 4 occasions during Core - At least 2 from the pain symptom management palliative care team
Suggested observations: 3
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Clinical problem
- brain metastases
- pain
- other
Specialists involved
- (choose all that apply): radiation oncologist
- surgical oncologist
- PSMPC (pain and symptom management palliative care) physician
- interventional radiologist
- other
Observation
- direct observation of presentation at multidisciplinary rounds
- indirect observation
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 2.2 Identify patients who should be discussed at multidisciplinary case conferences, prepare cases for presentation, and contribute medical expertise to the decision making process
- Part A: ME 3.1 Describe the indications, contraindications, risks, benefits and alternatives for systemic therapies
- Part A: ME 2.2 Evaluate a patient with suspected toxicity from combined modality treatment
- Part A: ME 4.1 Implement an adjustment in systemic therapy and/or supportive care when necessary
- Part A: ME 4.1 Assess a patient’s functional status after a local procedure/therapy and determine the appropriate time to start or resume systemic therapy
- Part A: ME 5.1 Recognize and respond to patient safety incidents caused by errors in handover and transitions of care between oncology specialists
Communicator
- Part A: COM 5.1 Document or summarize multidisciplinary case conference discussions
- Part B: COM 5.1 Document and share information about the medical encounter to optimize clinical decision-making, patient safety, confidentiality, and privacy within the multi- disciplinary team
Collaborator
- Part A: COL 1.3 Contribute to, and engage in respectful shared decision making at a multidisciplinary case conference meetings to establish a care plan
- Part B: COL 1.1 Anticipate, identify, and respond to patient safety issues related to the function of a team
- Part B: COL 1.1 Solicit and respond to input from other members of the multidisciplinary team
- Part B: COL 1.2 Negotiate, and clearly ascertain primary, overlapping, and shared responsibilities with other physicians and other colleagues in the health care professions
- Part B: COL 1.3 Engage in respectful shared decision-making with the members of the multidisciplinary cancer care team
- Part B: COL 2.2 Identify and manage communication barriers between members of the multi- disciplinary team
- Part B: COL 2.2 Implement strategies to promote understanding, manage differences and resolve conflicts among collaborators
- Part B: COL 3.2 Demonstrate safe handover of care both verbal and written, during patient transitions to and from other members of the multi-disciplinary team
Leader
- Part A: L 1.1 Contribute to the improvement of health care delivery in teams 10 C HA 1.1Work with patients and their families to identify and facilitate their access to needed health services or resources required to complete the multidisciplinary treatment plan
- Part B: L 4.2 Take on a leadership role of the multi-disciplinary team at the appropriate junctures
Scholar
- Part A: S 3.4 Integrate best available evidence into the multi-disciplinary management plan
Professional
- Part A: P 2.2 Identify situations when systemic issues compromise the safety of patients undergoing multi-disciplinary care
- Part B: P 1.1 Exhibit appropriate professional behaviours and relationships as part of a multi- disciplinary team
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
C-7
Providing care for hospitalized patients
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA focuses on the management of inpatients in the role of a consultant or attending including medical decision making, clinical problem solving, time management, and leadership at team multidisciplinary care rounds and family meetings. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: patient management; working effectively with the interprofessional team
Part A: Patient management Direct or indirect observation (i.e. case discussion, chart review) by supervisor Use form 1. Form collects information on: - Goal of management: curative; palliative - Reason for admission: [input text] - Comorbidities: [input text] - Advanced case of cancer: yes; no Collect 3 successful observations of achievement - At least 2 cases of advanced cancer - At least 2 different observers Part B: Working effectively with the interprofessional team Multiple observers provide feedback individually, which is then collated to one report Use Form 3 (MSF). Collect feedback on 2 occasions
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Goal of management
- curative
- palliative
Advanced case of cancer
- yes
- no
Medical Expert
- Part A: ME 2.4 Develop and implement evidence-based and patient-centred management plans aligned with the goals of care
- Part A: ME 4.1 Determine the necessity and appropriate timing of further investigations and/or consultations
Communicator
- Part A: COM 4.3 Use appropriate communication skills and strategies that help patients and their families make informed decisions regarding their health
- Part B: COM 4.3 Receive and respond to patient and family member concerns
Collaborator
- Part A: COL 1.2 Communicate and collaborate with other health care services to facilitate patient care
- Part A: COL 1.3 Effectively lead a multidisciplinary family meeting to establish a care plan
- Part A: COL 3.2 Demonstrate safe handover of care, both verbal and written, during patient transitions to a different health care professional, setting or stage of care
- Part B: COL 1.2 Respond to the concerns of other health care professionals regarding the patient’s management in a timely manner
Health Advocate
- Part A: HA 1.1 Advocate for resources and services to facilitate patient care and discharge planning
Professional
- Part B: P 1.1 Behave in a professional and respectful manner towards staff and patients
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.
Transition to Practice
TTP-1
Managing an outpatient practice
Key features and assessment plan
- This EPA focuses on managing the key elements of an outpatient oncology practice in the face of competing priorities. - This EPA will require longitudinal supervision and observation throughout the TTP stage by one (or a small number) of assigned faculty. - This EPA must be observed at least every 2 weeks by meeting regularly with the trainee to assess and provide feedback on progress.
Direct and indirect observation by supervisor Use Form 1 Collect 3 observations of achievement
Suggested observations: 3
Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)
- I had to do
- I had to talk them through
- I needed to prompt
- I needed to be there just in case
- I didn’t need to be there
Medical Expert
- ME 1.5 Triage patients referred to Medical Oncology
- ME 1.5 Prioritize activities in the face of competing demands
- ME 1.4 Provide on call services at staff/supervisory/consultant level
Leader
- L 4.2 Apply knowledge of remuneration models to bill for services provided
- L 4.2 Manage clinically related administrative duties including but not limited to lab work, insurance forms, follow up calls to patients, and calls or emails to consultants
- L 4.2 Manage non-clinical administrative duties (including but not limited to committee work)
Case description
Feedback provided
Next steps
Copyright © 2017 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.