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EPA library

Gastroenterology (Adult)

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada · 1.1 · 16 EPAs

Also available in French.

Every EPA in the published guide, shown as the form DebriefMD fills in, with its fields and answer options.

Transition to Discipline

  • TTD-1

    Assessing, triaging, and initiating management for patients with GI emergencies

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on applying skills from primary specialty training to the initial assessment and management of patients with GI emergencies. - This EPA includes identification of patients requiring urgent endoscopy, and navigation through the system of care to arrange and provide access to services.

    Direct observation and/or case review by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Type of presentation: acute GI bleed; acute cholangitis; severe/fulminant colitis; esophageal foreign body/caustic ingestion; acute liver failure; other - Endoscopy required: yes; no Collect 4 observations of achievement - At least 2 different presentations - At least 1 patient requiring endoscopy

    Suggested observations: 4

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Type of presentation

    1. acute GI bleed
    2. acute cholangitis
    3. severe/fulminant colitis
    4. esophageal foreign body/caustic ingestion
    5. acute liver failure
    6. other

    Endoscopy required

    1. yes
    2. no

    Medical Expert

    • ME 1.3 Apply clinical and biomedical sciences to manage emergency patient presentations in Gastroenterology
    • ME 2.1 Determine the acuity of the issue and establish priorities for patient care
    • ME 2.2 Perform a history and physical exam relevant to the patient’s presentation, in a time-effective manner
    • ME 2.2 Develop a differential and provisional diagnosis relevant to the patient’s presentation
    • ME 2.2 Select and interpret appropriate investigations
    • ME 2.4 Develop and implement initial management plans for gastrointestinal emergencies
    • ME 4.1 Determine the need and timing of referral to another health care professional

    Communicator

    • COM 4.3 Use communication skills and strategies that help the patient make informed decisions
    • COM 5.1 Document the clinical encounter to adequately convey clinical reasoning, rationale for decisions and/or recommendations

    Collaborator

    • COL 1.3 Communicate effectively with other health care professionals
    • COL 3.1 Identify patients requiring handover to other physicians or health care professionals

    Leader

    • L 2.1 Apply knowledge of local resources for optimal patient care

    Professional

    • P 1.1 Work within personal limitations, asking for assistance as needed

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • TTD-2

    Performing the pre-procedural assessment and risk optimization for patients undergoing endoscopy

    Key features and assessment plan

    - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: obtaining informed consent and preparing the patient for the endoscopic procedure. - The preparation of the patient aspects of this EPA include assessing patient acuity and determining urgency of the procedure, optimizing the patient for the procedure, and determining and arranging the necessary logistics, services and/or resources in order to safely perform the procedure.

    Part A: Consent Direct observation by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Case complexity: low; medium; high Collect 2 observations of achievement - At least 2 different assessors Part B: Patient preparation Case review by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Type of endoscopy: upper; lower - Urgency of procedure: emergent; urgent; elective - Patient status: stable; unstable; critically ill Collect 4 observations of achievement - At least 2 upper endoscopy - At least 2 lower endoscopy - No more than 2 elective cases

    Suggested observations: 2

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Case complexity

    1. low
    2. medium
    3. high

    Medical Expert

    • Part A: ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the indications and techniques for endoscopic procedures
    • Part A: ME 3.2 Explain the risks and benefits of, and the rationale for, a proposed procedure
    • Part A: ME 3.2 Use shared decision-making in the consent process
    • Part B: ME 1.4 Perform clinical assessments that address all relevant issues
    • Part B: ME 2.2 Select and interpret appropriate investigations
    • Part B: ME 2.2 Integrate and synthesize the clinical information to assess clinical status, peri-procedural risk and opportunities for risk mitigation
    • Part B: ME 2.4 Anticipate peri-procedural issues and complications, and incorporate these considerations in the management plan
    • Part B: ME 2.4 Adjust current therapy to mitigate risks of the endoscopic procedure and optimize current clinical status and treatment
    • Part B: ME 3.1 Order the preparation for the endoscopic procedure, to optimize procedural outcomes
    • Part B: ME 2.4 Determine the appropriate need and level of monitoring
    • Part B: ME 3.4 Select the appropriate location and sedation for the patient’s procedure
    • Part B: ME 3.4 Develop a plan for the appropriate disposition of the patient post procedure, as applicable

    Communicator

    • Part A: COM 1.6 Tailor approaches to decision-making to patient capacity
    • Part A: COM 3.1 Provide information clearly and compassionately, checking for patient/family understanding
    • Part A: COM 4.3 Answer questions from the patient and/or family
    • Part A: COM 4.3 Use communication skills and strategies that help the patient make informed decisions
    • Part A: COM 5.1 Document the consent discussion in an accurate and complete manner
    • Part B: COM 5.1 Document the clinical encounter to adequately convey clinical reasoning, rationale for decisions and/or recommendations

    Collaborator

    • Part B: COL 1.3 Communicate effectively with other health care professionals

    Scholar

    • Part B: S 3.4 Integrate best evidence and clinical expertise into decision-making

    Professional

    • Part A: P 3.1 Apply knowledge of the laws governing capacity for decision-making

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

Foundations

  • F-1

    Assessing and initiating management for uncomplicated patients

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on the clinical assessment and management of uncomplicated patients, across the range of GI presentations and conditions. - This EPA may be observed in the inpatient or outpatient setting. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: direct observation of history and physical examination skills; using the clinical assessment to develop management plans.

    Part A: History and physical Direct observation by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Observed: history; physical; both Collect 2 observations of achievement - At least 1 observed history - At least 1 observed physical Part B: Clinical assessment and management Direct observation and/or case review by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Category: upper GI tract disease; lower GI tract disease; liver disease; pancreaticobiliary disease - Location: emergency room; outpatient clinic; inpatient consult Collect 12 observations of achievement - At least 4 different categories - At least 3 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 2

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Observed

    1. history
    2. physical
    3. both

    Medical Expert

    • Part A: ME 2.2 Elicit an accurate, relevant history
    • Part A: ME 2.2 Perform a physical examination that informs the diagnosis
    • Part A: ME 2.2 Develop a differential and provisional diagnosis relevant to the patient’s presentation
    • Part A: ME 2.2 Select and interpret appropriate investigations
    • Part B: ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of basic science to digestive system diseases
    • Part B: ME 2.2 Synthesize information from the clinical assessment
    • Part B: ME 2.2 Develop a differential and provisional diagnosis relevant to the patient’s presentation
    • Part B: ME 2.2 Select and interpret appropriate investigations
    • Part B: ME 3.1 Determine the most appropriate procedures or therapies for the purposes of assessment and/or management
    • Part B: ME 2.4 Develop and implement management plans
    • Part B: ME 3.3 Triage an investigation, procedure or therapy, taking into account clinical urgency, potential for deterioration, and available resources

    Communicator

    • Part A: COM 2.1 Conduct the interview in a patient-centred manner
    • Part A: COM 2.3 Identify other sources of information (e.g., family, medical record) that may assist in a given patient’s care
    • Part B: COM 5.1 Document the clinical encounter to adequately convey clinical reasoning, rationale for decisions and/or recommendations

    Collaborator

    • Part B: COL 1.3 Communicate effectively with other health care professionals

    Leader

    • Part B: L 2.1 Use clinical judgment to minimize wasteful practices

    Health Advocate

    • Part A: HA 1.2 Work with patients and their families to increase opportunities to adopt healthy behaviours

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • F-2

    Assessing the nutritional status of uncomplicated patients

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA includes using a variety of methodologies for the nutritional assessment, identifying individuals who are nutritionally at risk.

    Case review by supervisor Use Form 1 Collect 2 observations of achievement - At least 2 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 2

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Medical Expert

    • ME 2.2 Elicit a diet and nutritional history
    • ME 2.2 Perform a physical examination that informs the diagnosis
    • ME 2.2 Select and interpret appropriate investigations
    • ME 2.2 Select and utilize nutritional assessment tools and methodologies appropriate to the patient context, recognizing their clinical utility and limitations
    • ME 2.2 Synthesize patient information to determine a patient’s nutritional status, including macronutrient and micronutrient sufficiency
    • ME 2.2 Estimate nutritional requirements in an uncomplicated patient
    • ME 4.1 Develop and implement a plan for monitoring and follow-up
    • ME 4.1 Anticipate the risk and recommend interventions to prevent and treat refeeding syndrome

    Communicator

    • COM 3.1 Provide information related to the patient’s health status, care and needs clearly and compassionately

    Collaborator

    • COL 1.3 Communicate effectively with other health care professionals

    Health Advocate

    • HA 1.1 Facilitate timely patient access to services and resources

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • F-3

    Performing esophagogastroduodenoscopy

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on the pre-procedural skills of setting up the patient and equipment, performing the technical skills of the procedure, and working effectively with the endoscopy team. - It does not include the accurate interpretation of endoscopy findings, nor any diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. - This EPA may be observed during any upper GI endoscopy. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: performing the procedure; documenting the procedure.

    Part A: Procedure Direct observation by supervisor Use Form 2 Collect 6 observations of achievement - At least 2 different assessors Part B: Procedure note Review of procedure note by supervisor Use Form 1 Collect 3 observations of achievement - At least 2 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 6

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Medical Expert

    • Part A: ME 3.4 Prepare and position the patient for the procedure
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Administer local anesthesia and/or sedation to optimize patient safety and comfort
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Assemble and optimize endoscope function
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Apply knowledge of anatomy, key landmarks and the endoscopic procedure
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Manipulate endoscope appropriately, achieving stabilization, orientation and direction
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Use appropriate strategies for endoscope advancement
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Achieve clear visualization of the lumen for safe navigation and complete mucosal evaluation
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Perform tissue biopsies, as appropriate
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Monitor patient comfort and safety, and adjust the procedure as needed
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Identify and react to immediate complications of the procedure, if applicable
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Demonstrate appropriate care of the instrument

    Communicator

    • Part B: COM 5.1 Document the encounter to accurately convey the procedure and outcome
    • Part B: COM 5.1 Document the quality and findings of the endoscopic procedure, using instruments with strong validity evidence as appropriate
    • Part B: COM 5.1 Record high quality images of significant findings
    • Part B: COM 5.1 Complete clinical documentation in a timely manner

    Collaborator

    • Part A: COL 1.1 Respond appropriately to input from other health care professionals

    Professional

    • Part A: P 1.1 Work within personal limitations, asking for assistance as needed

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • F-4

    Performing endoscopic examination to the level of the sigmoid colon

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA may be observed during any lower GI endoscopy (i.e., either colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy; any clinical indication).

    Direct observation by supervisor Use Form 2 Collect 6 observations of achievement - At least 2 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 6

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Medical Expert

    • ME 3.4 Prepare and position the patient for the procedure
    • ME 3.4 Assemble and optimize endoscope function
    • ME 3.4 Manipulate the endoscope shaft, head and angulation control knobs for effective navigation of the GI tract
    • ME 3.4 Achieve optimal visualization using a variety of appropriate techniques such as air, water and suction
    • ME 3.4 Use torque steering appropriately
    • ME 3.4 Demonstrate fine tip control
    • ME 3.4 Recognize loop formation and use loop reduction techniques appropriately
    • ME 3.4 Use position change and other techniques, as appropriate, to advance the endoscope safely
    • ME 3.4 Demonstrate appropriate pace and progress during insertion and withdrawal
    • ME 3.4 Monitor patient comfort and safety, and adjust the procedure as needed
    • ME 3.4 Assess the quality of the bowel preparation using standardized scales
    • ME 3.4 Identify and react to immediate complications of the procedure, if applicable
    • ME 3.4 Demonstrate appropriate care of the instrument

    Collaborator

    • COL 1.2 Communicate effectively with nurses and assistants during the procedure

    Professional

    • P 1.1 Work within personal limitations, asking for assistance as needed

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

Core

  • C-1

    Assessing and initiating management for complex patients

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on the identification and assessment of factors that characterize case complexity and the impact of those factors on the assessment and initial management of the patient’s GI condition. - This includes factors that influence the timing or selection of investigations, as well as the factors that influence initial management. - This may include any of the following: anticoagulation issues; multiple comorbid diseases; atypical presentations; ambiguity of patient presentation, investigations or treatment; pregnancy; potential drug interactions; extraintestinal manifestations of intestinal disease; extrahepatic manifestations of liver disease; significant family history of malignancy; significant social barriers to health care; cultural, language or religious barriers to communication and/or care. - This EPA may be observed with any GI presentation or condition.

    Direct observation or case review by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Type of observation: direct; case review - Setting: inpatient; outpatient - Case mix (select all that apply): atypical presentation; ambiguity in presentation, investigations and/or treatment; anticoagulation issues; multiple comorbid diseases; extraintestinal manifestations of intestinal disease; extrahepatic manifestations of liver disease; pregnancy; potential drug interaction; significant family history of malignancy; significant social barriers to health care; cultural, language and/or religious barriers to communication and/or care Collect 5 observations of achievement - At least 1 direct observation - At least 2 inpatient - At least 2 outpatient - At least 5 different examples of the case mix - At least 2 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 5

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Type of observation

    1. direct
    2. case review

    Setting

    1. inpatient
    2. outpatient

    Case mix

    1. atypical presentation
    2. ambiguity in presentation, investigations and/or treatment
    3. anticoagulation issues
    4. multiple comorbid diseases
    5. extraintestinal manifestations of intestinal disease
    6. extrahepatic manifestations of liver disease
    7. pregnancy
    8. potential drug interaction
    9. significant family history of malignancy
    10. significant social barriers to health care
    11. cultural, language and/or religious barriers to communication and/or care

    Medical Expert

    • ME 1.4 Perform clinical assessments that address all relevant issues
    • ME 2.2 Select and interpret appropriate investigations
    • ME 2.2 Integrate the patient’s other medical problems, overall functioning, and current health status into the decision regarding plan of care
    • ME 2.4 Develop and implement management plans that consider all of the patient’s health problems and needs
    • ME 3.3 Balance risk, effectiveness and priority of interventions in the presence of multiple comorbidities and/or other features of case complexity
    • ME 4.1 Implement a plan for ongoing care, follow-up on investigations, response to treatment and/or monitoring for disease progression
    • ME 4.1 Coordinate treatment and follow-up across care settings and amongst other physicians, health care professionals and services

    Communicator

    • COM 3.1 Share information and explanations that are clear and accurate while checking for understanding
    • COM 4.3 Use communication skills and strategies that help the patient make informed decisions

    Collaborator

    • COL 1.3 Integrate the patient’s perspective and context into the collaborative care plan
    • COL 1.3 Work effectively with other health care professionals to plan and provide care for individual patients

    Health Advocate

    • HA 1.1 Identify barriers to access and care for individual patients

    Scholar

    • S 3.4 Integrate best evidence and clinical expertise into decision-making

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • C-2

    Providing ongoing management for patients with stable, chronic and/or complex conditions

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on recognizing patients with a stable clinical course and providing ongoing management that includes implementing screening, surveillance, or monitoring strategies, assessing medication adherence and effects, as well as addressing patient concerns, education and appropriate follow-up. - This EPA must be observed in a range of GI conditions.

    Direct observation or case review by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Case mix: chronic liver disease and/or liver transplant recipient; chronic pancreatobiliary disease; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); refractory disease such as GERD, H Pylori, cystic fibrosis; celiac disease/eosinophilic disorders; functional abdominal pain/irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D, IBS-C); hereditary disorder (e.g., familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer); post- bariatric surgery; motility disorders Collect 14 observations of achievement - A minimum of 2 of each of the following presentations: chronic liver disease and/or liver transplant recipients; chronic pancreatobiliary disease; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); refractory disease such as GERD, H Pylori, cystic fibrosis; celiac disease/eosinophilic disorders - At least 2 other presentations - At least 3 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 14

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Case mix

    1. chronic liver disease and/or liver transplant recipient
    2. chronic pancreatobiliary disease
    3. inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
    4. refractory disease such as GERD, H Pylori, cystic fibrosis
    5. celiac disease/eosinophilic disorders
    6. functional abdominal pain/irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D, IBS-C)
    7. hereditary disorder (e.g., familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer)
    8. post- bariatric surgery
    9. motility disorders

    Medical Expert

    • ME 1.4 Perform clinical assessments that address all relevant issues
    • ME 2.1 Prioritize which issues need to be addressed
    • ME 2.2 Administer and interpret disease-specific questionnaires, as appropriate
    • ME 2.2 Assess treatment adherence, efficacy and/or toxicity
    • ME 2.2 Select and interpret the results of investigations performed to monitor treatment and clinical status
    • ME 2.2 Synthesize patient information to determine clinical status and/or response to therapy
    • ME 2.4 Develop and implement monitoring strategies for anticipated adverse events, illnesses and/or complications
    • ME 4.1 Coordinate treatment and follow-up plans

    Communicator

    • COM 5.1 Document clinical information in a manner that supports intra- and interprofessional care

    Collaborator

    • COL 1.3 Work effectively with other physicians and health care professionals to provide integrated care
    • COL 3.1 Determine when care should be transferred back to the primary health care professional
    • COL 3.2 Communicate with the patient’s primary health care professional about the patient’s care

    Health Advocate

    • HA 1.3 Incorporate disease prevention, health promotion, and health surveillance activities into patient interactions
    • HA 1.2 Work with patients and their families to increase opportunities to adopt healthy behaviours

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • C-3

    Managing patients with exacerbations, disease progression, and/or complications of chronic GI conditions

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on the identification, assessment and management of patients with a fluctuating clinical course. - This may include complications resulting from the disease or from medical/surgical treatment. - This includes recognizing the need for change or escalation of therapy, and implementing a therapeutic plan. - This EPA may be observed in the inpatient or outpatient setting.

    Direct observation or case review by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Type of observation: direct; case review - Setting: inpatient; outpatient - Diagnosis: inflammatory bowel disease; chronic liver disease; pancreatic disease; esophageal disease; intestinal failure; other - Issue: disease exacerbation; disease progression; complication of therapy Collect 10 observations of achievement - At least 2 inpatient - At least 2 outpatient - At least 3 patients with IBD - At least 3 patients with chronic liver disease - At least 1 each of the other diagnoses - At least 1 of each issue - At least 2 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 10

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Type of observation

    1. direct
    2. case review

    Setting

    1. inpatient
    2. outpatient

    Diagnosis

    1. inflammatory bowel disease
    2. chronic liver disease
    3. pancreatic disease
    4. esophageal disease
    5. intestinal failure
    6. other

    Issue

    1. disease exacerbation
    2. disease progression
    3. complication of therapy

    Medical Expert

    • ME 1.4 Perform clinical assessments that address all relevant issues
    • ME 2.1 Prioritize which issues need to be addressed
    • ME 2.2 Select and interpret the results of investigations performed to monitor treatment and clinical status
    • ME 2.2 Differentiate signs and symptoms of disease and/or disease progression from adverse effects of treatment
    • ME 2.2 Synthesize patient information to determine clinical course, response to treatment and/or toxicity, and short- and long-term prognosis
    • ME 2.4 Adjust management plans based on clinical status and/or response to treatment
    • ME 2.4 Prevent and manage complications of GI disease and its treatment
    • ME 4.1 Determine the need and timing of referral to another health care professional
    • ME 4.1 Coordinate treatment and follow-up plans

    Communicator

    • COM 3.1 Provide information related to the patient’s health status, care and needs clearly and compassionately
    • COM 4.3 Use communication skills and strategies that help the patient make informed decisions

    Collaborator

    • COL 1.3 Engage in respectful decision-making with other physicians and/or health care professionals

    Health Advocate

    • HA 1.1 Facilitate timely patient access to services and resources

    Scholar

    • S 3.4 Integrate best evidence and clinical experience into decision-making

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • C-4

    Identifying and referring patients who need additional specialized care

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on the identification of patients who require or who would benefit from assessment and/or treatment that is beyond the scope of core Gastroenterology practice; examples include patients who require consultation from other specialties, require transfer to/from intensive care, and/or would benefit from advanced endoscopic or other related procedures (e.g., ERCP, surgery, transplantation, interventional radiology) - This EPA includes completion of appropriate investigations and identification of the appropriate timing and urgency of referral. - This EPA may be observed in any clinical setting and in a range of conditions.

    Direct observation or case review by supervisor Use Form 1: Form collects information on: - Type of observation: direct; case review - Case mix: urgent; elective - Type of referral: advanced GI care; other service Collect 3 observations of achievement - At least 1 elective - At least 2 different types of referral - At least 2 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 3

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Type of observation

    1. direct
    2. case review

    Case mix

    1. urgent
    2. elective

    Type of referral

    1. advanced GI care
    2. other service

    Medical Expert

    • ME 1.4 Perform clinical assessments that address all relevant issues
    • ME 2.2 Synthesize information from the clinical assessment and investigations to determine the patient’s clinical status and health care needs
    • ME 2.2 Integrate the patient’s other medical problems, overall functioning, and current health status into the decision regarding plan of care
    • ME 2.3 Establish goals of care
    • ME 2.4 Develop and implement management plans
    • ME 4.1 Determine the need and timing of referral to another health care professional

    Communicator

    • COM 3.1 Provide information related to the patient’s health status, care and needs clearly and compassionately
    • COM 4.3 Use communication skills and strategies that help the patient make informed decisions

    Leader

    • L 2.1 Apply knowledge of local resources for optimal patient care

    Health Advocate

    • HA 1.1 Facilitate timely patient access to services and resources

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • C-5

    Providing complete nutritional assessment and plans for patients with complex nutritional needs

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on patients with complex nutritional needs who may require nutritional intervention; it includes patient assessment, and establishment of a nutritional plan and its implementation. - This may include patients with complex underlying hepatobiliary, pancreatic or luminal disease, complex metabolic needs, or complex surgical anatomy.

    Case review by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Observer role: physician; registered dietician; other - Nutritional intervention prescribed: yes; no Collect 2 observations of achievement - At least 1 physician - At least 1 requiring nutritional intervention

    Suggested observations: 2

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Observer role

    1. physician
    2. registered dietician
    3. other

    Nutritional intervention prescribed

    1. yes
    2. no

    Medical Expert

    • ME 2.2 Estimate nutritional requirements in a complex patient
    • ME 2.2 Identify complications of nutritional deficiency
    • ME 2.4 Develop and implement a plan for nutritional support by any route; oral, enteral, parenteral
    • ME 2.2 Identify indications for pharmacologic intervention
    • ME 2.3 Work with the patient and family to understand relevant options for care
    • ME 4.1 Develop and implement a plan for monitoring and follow-up
    • ME 4.1 Anticipate the risk and recommend interventions to prevent and treat refeeding syndrome
    • ME 2.4 Identify and manage complications of nutritional support (medical, and device and access related)

    Communicator

    • COM 3.1 Provide information related to the patient’s health status, care and needs clearly and compassionately

    Collaborator

    • COL 1.3 Communicate effectively with other health care professionals
    • COL 1.2 Work effectively within an interprofessional team

    Leader

    • L 2.1 Consider costs when choosing care options

    Health Advocate

    • HA 1.1 Facilitate timely patient access to services and resources

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • C-6

    Performing colonoscopy

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on the pre-procedural, intra-procedural and post-procedural skills of colonoscopy, including technical and non-technical aspects of the procedure. - It does not include the accurate interpretation of endoscopy findings, nor any diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. - This EPA may be observed during a colonoscopy performed for any indication. - Entrustment of this EPA requires successful terminal ileal intubation in at least some procedures, as relevant. - At least two procedures must be assessed using DOPS (Direct Observation of Procedural Skills) or similar standardized procedural assessment tool.

    Direct observation by supervisor Use Form 2. Form collects information on: - Difficult: no; yes (please specify): - Maximal depth of insertion: rectum; sigmoid; splenic flexure; transverse colon; hepatic flexure; ascending colon; cecum; terminal ileum; anastomosis - DOPS used: yes; no Collect 12 observations of achievement - At least 4 with difficult colonoscopies - At least 2 DOPS (or similar standardized procedural assessment tool) - At least 4 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 12

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Difficult

    1. no
    2. yes (please specify):

    Maximal depth of insertion

    1. rectum
    2. sigmoid
    3. splenic flexure
    4. transverse colon
    5. hepatic flexure
    6. ascending colon
    7. cecum
    8. terminal ileum
    9. anastomosis

    DOPS used

    1. yes
    2. no

    Medical Expert

    • ME 3.4 Administer local anesthesia and/or sedation to optimize patient safety and comfort
    • ME 3.4 Prepare and position the patient for the procedure
    • ME 3.4 Manipulate the endoscope shaft, head and angulation control knobs for effective navigation of the GI tract
    • ME 3.4 Achieve optimal visualization using a variety of appropriate techniques such as air, water and suction
    • ME 3.4 Use torque steering appropriately
    • ME 3.4 Demonstrate fine tip control
    • ME 3.4 Recognize loop formation and use loop reduction techniques appropriately
    • ME 3.4 Use position change and other techniques, as appropriate, to advance the endoscope safely
    • ME 3.4 Demonstrate appropriate pace and progress during insertion and withdrawal
    • ME 3.4 Monitor patient comfort and safety, and adjust the procedure as needed
    • ME 3.4 Assess the quality of the bowel preparation using standardized scales
    • ME 3.4 Identify and react to immediate complications of the procedure, if applicable

    Collaborator

    • COL 1.2 Communicate effectively with nurses and assistants during the procedure

    Professional

    • P 1.1 Work within personal limitations, asking for assistance as needed

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • C-7

    Identifying clinically significant findings during endoscopic procedures of the upper and lower gastrointest…

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on the delineation of normal versus abnormal findings, description of lesions using standardized nomenclature, consideration of differential diagnosis, and intra-procedural decision-making as a result of clinical significant findings. - This EPA may be observed in any endoscopic procedure, for any indication.

    Direct observation by supervisor Use Form 1. Form collects information on: - Case mix: Crohn's; ulcerative colitis; upper GI malignancy; lower GI malignancy; peptic ulcer disease; Barrett's; celiac; polyps; portal hypertension (e.g., varices); vascular lesion; other significant Collect 8 observations of achievement - At least 8 different examples of the case mix - At least 3 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 8

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Case mix

    1. Crohn's
    2. ulcerative colitis
    3. upper GI malignancy
    4. lower GI malignancy
    5. peptic ulcer disease
    6. Barrett's
    7. celiac
    8. polyps
    9. portal hypertension (e.g., varices)
    10. vascular lesion
    11. other significant

    Medical Expert

    • ME 3.4 Identify clinically significant findings of endoscopic procedures
    • ME 2.2 Interpret the clinical significance of findings of endoscopic procedures
    • ME 2.4 Integrate endoscopic findings to develop a provisional diagnosis and management plan
    • ME 3.1 Determine the most appropriate intervention for the purposes of ongoing assessment and/or management
    • ME 4.1 Propose and implement plans for ongoing care and/or follow-up on investigations
    • ME 4.1 Determine the need and timing for referral to another health care professional (for surgery or advanced endoscopic procedures)

    Communicator

    • COM 3.1 Provide information related to the patient’s health status and care needs clearly and compassionately
    • COM 4.3 Use communication skills and strategies that help the patient make informed decisions

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • C-8

    Performing therapeutic endoscopic interventions of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA includes achieving hemostasis via a variety of techniques as well as performing dilation, foreign body removal and colonic polypectomy. - This EPA must be observed in some patients that are actively bleeding. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: performing the procedure; documenting the procedure.

    Part A: Procedural skills Direct observation by supervisor Use Form 2. Form collects information on: - Case mix: variceal hemostasis; non-variceal hemostasis; dilation; polypectomy; foreign body removal - Actively bleeding: yes; no - Size of polyp: <1 cm; 1-2 cm; >2 cm; N/A Collect 25 observations of achievement - At least 3 variceal hemostasis - At least 8 non-variceal hemostasis - At least 2 dilations - At least 10 polypectomy - At least 2 foreign body - At least 4 actively bleeding - At least 5 polypectomy >1 cm Part B: Procedure note Review of procedure note by supervisor Use Form 1 Collect 4 observations of achievement

    Suggested observations: 25

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Case mix

    1. variceal hemostasis
    2. non-variceal hemostasis
    3. dilation
    4. polypectomy
    5. foreign body removal

    Actively bleeding

    1. yes
    2. no

    Size of polyp

    1. <1 cm
    2. 1-2 cm
    3. >2 cm
    4. N/A

    Medical Expert

    • Part A: ME 3.4 Prepare and position the patient for the procedure
    • Part A: ME 3.1 Determine a plan for sedation and monitoring appropriate to the patient’s condition and the clinical setting
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Assemble and optimize endoscope function
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Select and gather appropriate ancillary equipment
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Apply knowledge of anatomy, key landmarks and the endoscopic procedure
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Manipulate endoscope appropriately, achieving stabilization, orientation and direction
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Use appropriate strategies for endoscope advancement
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Preserve tissue vitality when handling tissue and instruments
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Demonstrate appropriate and safe use of ancillary equipment (e.g., electrocautery, endoscopic injection therapies, endoscopic clips, hemospray, APC, rubber band ligation, balloon tamponade tubes)
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Determine that the procedure is complete, e.g., hemostasis achieved
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Monitor patient comfort and safety, and adjust the procedure as needed
    • Part A: ME 3.4 Identify and react to immediate complications of the procedure, if applicable

    Communicator

    • Part B: COM 5.1 Complete clinical documentation in a timely manner
    • Part B: COM 5.1 Document the encounter to accurately convey the procedure and outcome
    • Part B: COM 5.1 Document the quality and findings of the endoscopic procedure, using instruments with strong validity evidence as appropriate
    • Part B: COM 5.1 Document all relevant findings

    Professional

    • Part A: P 1.1 Work within personal limitations, asking for assistance as needed
    • Part A: P 4.1 Maintain professional clinical performance in demanding or stressful clinical settings

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

  • C-9

    Leading the provision of GI care for patients on an inpatient service

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA focuses on leading the provision of care for patients on an inpatient consultation or ward service, in the role of the junior attending. - The observation of this EPA is divided into two parts: patient care, and working effectively with the interprofessional team. - Observation of the patient care aspects is based on chart or case review of the overall management of a group of patients; the case mix should provide a mix of acute and chronic conditions, and a variety of GI diagnoses. - This EPA should be observed over a period of at least a week.

    Part A: Patient care Chart or case review by supervisor Use Form 1 Collect 4 observations of achievement - At least 2 different assessors Part B: Interprofessional care Multiple observers provide feedback individually, which is then collated to one report Use Form 3. Form collects information on: - Role of observer: supervisor; nurse; other health care professional; junior resident; student Collect feedback from at least 6 observers - At least 2 other health care professionals

    Suggested observations: 4

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Role of observer

    1. supervisor
    2. nurse
    3. other health care professional
    4. junior resident
    5. student

    Medical Expert

    • Part A: ME 1.4 Perform relevant and time-effective clinical assessments
    • Part A: ME 2.4 Establish patient-centred management plans
    • Part A: ME 3.1 Determine the most appropriate procedures or therapies for the purpose of assessment and/or management
    • Part A: ME 4.1 Determine the need and timing for referral to another health care professional
    • Part A: ME 4.1 Coordinate care when multiple physicians and health care professionals are involved
    • Part B: ME 1.1 Demonstrate responsibility and accountability for decisions regarding patient care, acting in the role of junior attending

    Communicator

    • Part A: COM 5.1 Document clinical encounters in an accurate, complete, timely and accessible manner
    • Part B: COM 1.5 Manage disagreements and emotionally charged conversations with patients and/or families

    Collaborator

    • Part B: COL 1.2 Make effective use of the scope and expertise of other health care professionals
    • Part B: COL 2.1 Delegate tasks and responsibilities in an appropriate and respectful manner
    • Part B: COL 1.1 Respond appropriately to input from other health care professionals
    • Part B: COL 1.3 Communicate effectively with other health care professionals
    • Part B: COL 2.1 Show respect toward collaborators

    Leader

    • Part A: L 2.1 Allocate health care resources for optimal patient care
    • Part B: L 4.2 Run the service efficiently, safely, and effectively

    Health Advocate

    • Part A: HA 1.2 Work with patients and their families to increase opportunities to adopt healthy behaviours
    • Part B: HA 1.1 Facilitate timely patient access to services and resources

    Scholar

    • Part A: S 3.4 Integrate best evidence and clinical expertise into decision-making

    Professional

    • Part B: P 1.1 Respond punctually to requests from patients or other health care providers
    • Part B: P 1.1 Demonstrate professional behaviours, such as punctuality, integrity and compassion

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.

Transition to Practice

  • TTP-1

    Managing the day’s list of endoscopy procedures

    Key features and assessment plan

    - This EPA integrates the resident’s procedural abilities for individual cases with their abilities to work effectively in the endoscopy unit; managing the case load for a list of procedures, and prioritizing and working effectively with other health professionals. - This EPA may be observed in any mix of endoscopy procedures, performed on inpatients or ambulatory patients, and for any indication or acuity. - This EPA will be observed at the end of a procedural list (day or half-day). - This EPA requires completion of all procedural EPAs in the Core stage prior to achievement.

    Direct and/or indirect observation by supervisor based on a procedural list (day or half-day) Use Form 1 Collect 5 observations of achievement - At least 3 different assessors

    Suggested observations: 5

    Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

    1. I had to do
    2. I had to talk them through
    3. I needed to prompt
    4. I needed to be there just in case
    5. I didn’t need to be there

    Medical Expert

    • ME 3.4 Anticipate and prepare for technical challenges and/or significant findings
    • ME 3.2 Obtain and document informed consent, explaining the risks and benefits of , and the rationale for, a proposed procedure or therapy
    • ME 3.4 Perform endoscopic procedures in a skilful and safe manner, adapting to unanticipated findings or changing clinical circumstances
    • ME 3.4 Identify clinically significant findings of endoscopic procedures
    • ME 3.1 Determine the most appropriate intervention for the purpose of ongoing assessment and/or management
    • ME 4.1 Propose and implement plans for ongoing care, follow-up on investigations, and further treatment or referral

    Communicator

    • COM 5.1 Convey a written summative impression and management plan to the referring physician

    Leader

    • L 4.2 Adhere to occupational safety procedures to ensure patient, personal and team safety
    • L 4.2 Demonstrate leadership skills in the endoscopy suite
    • L 4.1 Manage time effectively to maintain patient and endoscopy flow
    • L 4.2 Demonstrate appropriate use and care of endoscopic equipment

    Professional

    • P 1.2 Prepare for the day, reviewing the list of planned procedures

    Case description

    Feedback provided

    Next steps

    Copyright © 2024 The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Referenced and produced with permission.