Forensic Pathology

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2. ●I had to talk them through
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Medical Expert

• □ME 2.2 Synthesize case information to develop a differential diagnosis
• □ME 2.2 Select procedures based on a differential diagnosis
• □ME 2.3 Confirm identification of the deceased
• □ME 3.2 Ensure legal authorization for autopsy has been obtained

Communicator

• □COM 1.5 Apply knowledge of cultural and religious accommodations in scheduling and techniques for post-mortem exams and death investigations ensuring that the death investigation is not compromised
• □COM 2.1 Integrate and summarize information obtained from the case file
• □COM 2.1 Seek and synthesize information from other sources

Scholar

• □S 3.1 Recognize uncertainty and knowledge gaps in professional encounters relevant to Forensic Pathology

Professional

• □P 1.1 Complete assigned responsibilities

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply a broad base and depth of knowledge in clinical and biomedical sciences in autopsy pathology
• □ME 1.3 Demonstrate awareness of relevant laws and regulations in relation to tissue/organ procurement, tissue retention, principles of consent, privacy and confidentiality
• □ME 2.5 Perform external examination of the body
• □ME 2.5 Perform evisceration of organs and gross dissection
• □ME 2.5 Recognize and describe evidence of disease and/or injury
• □ME 3.4 Obtain appropriate samples

Collaborator

• □COL 1.2 Work effectively with autopsy room staff, directing their assistance during autopsy procedures
• □COL 2.1 Convey information respectfully

Leader

• □L 1.2 Apply the principles of laboratory safety and universal precautions

Professional

• □P 1.1 Complete assigned responsibilities

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply a broad base and depth of knowledge in clinical and biomedical sciences in autopsy pathology
• □ME 1.6 Recognize limits of own expertise and seek assistance
• □ME 2.2 Interpret results of investigations based on differential diagnoses
• □ME 2.5 Prepare written descriptions of the external, internal and microscopic findings
• □ME 2.5 Interpret post-mortem findings in light of the clinical history and/or scene investigation and appreciate potential limitations of such interpretations

Communicator

• □COM 4.1 Organize information in appropriate sections within a written, electronic or other digital record
• □COM 4.1 Document autopsy procedure, sampling, and findings using a standard format and including all relevant information
• □COM 4.1 Document medical reasoning and rationale for opinion
• □COM 4.1 Document autopsy findings in an accurate, complete and timely manner and in compliance with legal and privacy requirements

Professional

• □P 1.1 Complete assigned responsibilities
• □P 4.2 Recognize evolving professional identity transitions and manage inherent stresses

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 2.2 Interpret and evaluate information collected at the death scene including but not limited to health history, social information, and circumstances of death
• □ME 2.2 Synthesize case information to develop a differential diagnosis
• □ME 2.2 Select procedures based on a differential diagnosis
• □ME 2.2 Describe the conditions under which a death is considered suspicious
• □ME 2.5 Review the death scene information and clinical history in routine cases
• □ME 3.2 Determine whether jurisdictional authorization applies

Communicator

• □COM 2.1 Seek and synthesize relevant information from other sources, including the stakeholders, law enforcement personnel, and the medico- legal team
• □COM 2.1 Integrate and summarize information obtained from the case file

Collaborator

• □COL 1.1 Receive and appropriately respond to input from other medico-legal professionals

Professional

• □P 1.1 Independently manage specialty-specific issues surrounding confidentiality, intervening when confidentiality is breached

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology
• □ME 2.5 Recognize and describe evidence of natural disease and/or injury
• □ME 3.1 Integrate all sources of information to develop a procedural plan that is safe, and considers the risks and benefits of all approaches
• □ME 3.1 Recognize indications for performing procedures
• □ME 3.4 Perform common procedures in a skillful, fluid, and safe manner with minimal assistance
• □ME 3.4 Seek assistance as needed when unanticipated findings or changing circumstances are encountered

Leader

• □L 1.2 Apply the principles of laboratory safety and universal precautions consistently

Scholar

• □S 3.1 Recognize uncertainty and knowledge gaps in clinical and other professional encounters relevant to Forensic Pathology

Professional

• □P 3.1 Fulfil and adhere to the professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice
• □P 4.1 Manage the impact of physical and environmental factors on performance

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □Part A: ME 1.3 Apply clinical and biomedical sciences to Forensic Pathology
• □Part A: ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology
• □Part A: ME 2.5 Perform examination of tissue microscopically and review of toxicology or other ancillary test results where appropriate in routine cases
• □Part A: ME 2.5 Identify the circumstances when toxicological and other ancillary investigations/tests may be appropriate for routine cases, and apply the procedures for sampling tissues, fluids and other evidence for these additional investigations
• □Part A: ME 2.6 Take or organize satisfactory external, gross and microscopic photographs of the post- mortem examination and any relevant tissues
• □Part A: ME 3.4 Seek assistance as needed when unanticipated findings or changing circumstances are encountered
• □Part B: ME 2.5 Prepare written descriptions of the findings in routine cases
• □Part B: ME 2.5 Formulate conclusions regarding mechanism, cause and manner of death in routine cases

Communicator

• □Part A: COM 2.1 Seek and synthesize relevant information from sources, including the stakeholders, law enforcement personnel and medico-legal team
• □Part B: COM 4.1 Summarize and convey autopsy findings in a written and oral fashion appropriate to the audience

Collaborator

• □Part A: COL 1.1 Receive and appropriately respond to input from other medico-legal professionals
• □Part A: COL 2.2 Communicate clearly and directly to promote understanding, manage differences, and resolve conflicts

Leader

• □Part A: L 2.1 Consider costs when choosing case management options
• □Part A: L 2.2 Apply evidence and guidelines with respect to resource utilization in common scenarios

Professional

• □Part A: P 3.1 Fulfil and adhere to the professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply clinical and biomedical sciences to Forensic Pathology
• □ME 1.6 Recognize the limitations of time of death determination in a post-mortem exam
• □ME 2.5 Review the death scene information and clinical history in routine cases
• □ME 2.4 Perform examination of tissues microscopically and review of toxicology or other ancillary test results where appropriate in routine cases
• □ME 2.5 Prepare written descriptions of the findings in routine cases
• □ME 2.5 Interpret post-mortem findings in light of the clinical history and/or scene investigation and appreciate potential limitations of such interpretations
• □ME 3.4 Seek assistance as needed when unanticipated findings or changing circumstances are encountered
• □ME 4.1 Ensure follow-up on results of investigation and ancillary testing

Communicator

• □COM 4.1 Document information about decedent and their medical conditions in a manner that enhances death investigation
• □COM 4.1 Document death investigation to adequately support conclusions and with adequate detail to allow independent review
• □COM 4.1 Summarize and convey autopsy findings in an written and oral fashion appropriate to the audience

Health Advocate

• □HA 1.1 Work with the family to identify opportunities for disease prevention, health promotion, and health protection
• □HA 1.1 Identify hereditary diseases and inform family members to protect the health of living relatives

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Demonstrate awareness of relevant laws and regulations in relation to tissue/organ procurement, tissue retention, principles of consent, privacy and confidentiality
• □ME 1.6 Recognize the limitations of time of death determination in a post-mortem exam
• □ME 2.5 Interpret post-mortem findings in light of the clinical history and/or scene investigation and appreciate potential limitations of such interpretations

Communicator

• □COM 1.1 Communicate using an approach that facilitates trust and autonomy and is characterized by empathy, respect, and compassion
• □COM 1.4 Recognize when strong emotions (such as anger, fear, anxiety, or sadness) are impacting an interaction and respond appropriately
• □COM 2.1 Integrate, summarize, and present the information obtained from a death investigation
• □COM 3.1 Discuss with the stakeholders and family the degree of uncertainty inherent in all ongoing pending investigations

Collaborator

• □COL 1.1 Receive and appropriately respond to input from other medico-legal professionals

Scholar

• □S 3.1 Recognize uncertainty and knowledge gaps in professional encounters relevant to Forensic Pathology

Professional

• □P 1.1 Independently manage specialty-specific issues surrounding confidentiality, intervening when confidentiality is breached
• □P 1.2 Demonstrate an appreciation of the limitations of findings, individual professional limits and the necessity of seeking appropriate second opinions

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 2.1 Iteratively establish priorities
• □ME 4.1 Ensure follow-up on results of investigation and ancillary testing

Collaborator

• □COL 1.1 Receive and appropriately respond to input from other medico-legal professionals
• □COL 2.1 Delegate tasks and responsibilities in an appropriate and respectful manner

Leader

• □L 1.2 Apply the principles of laboratory safety and universal precautions consistently
• □L 2.2 Apply evidence and guidelines with respect to resource utilization in common scenarios
• □L 3.1 Engage personnel and procedures effectively in death investigations including maintaining the legal chain of custody of evidence

Professional

• □P 1.1 Complete assigned responsibilities
• □P 3.1 Fulfil and adhere to the professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice
• □P 4.1 Demonstrate an ability to regulate attention, emotions, thoughts, and behaviours while maintaining capacity to perform professional tasks

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.6 Describe the information and limitations pathology can provide in a given situation including but not limited to time of death determination
• □ME 2.2 Focus the death investigation, performing it in a time-effective manner, without excluding key elements
• □ME 2.2 Recognize the conditions under which a death is considered suspicious and manage appropriately
• □ME 2.2 Collect and preserve evidence from a death scene, including photographs
• □ME 2.2 Examine the body
• □ME 2.2 Assess a death scene based on information provided by investigators
• □ME 5.1 Prevent contamination of the death scene

Communicator

• □COM 4.1 Adapt record keeping to the specific guidelines of Forensic Pathology and the medico-legal context
• □COM 4.3 Share information with stakeholders and others in a manner that respects privacy and confidentiality and enhances understanding

Collaborator

• □COL 1.3 Communicate effectively with physicians and other colleagues in the medico-legal team

Leader

• □L 1.2 Actively encourage all involved in death investigation, regardless of their role, to report and respond to unsafe situations
• □L 3.1 Engage personnel and procedures effectively in death investigations including maintaining the legal chain of custody of evidence

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the principles of the various fields of forensic sciences, including toxicology, chemistry, biology (including DNA testing), firearm and tool mark examination, entomology, forensic photography, blood pattern analysis, fingerprint analysis, trace evidence and alternative light source examinations
• □ME 2.3 Assess the adequacy of current identification of the deceased
• □ME 4.1 Determine the necessity and appropriate timing of consultation
• □ME 2.3 Establish identification, with consultation where appropriate

Communicator

• □COM 2.1 Seek and synthesize relevant information from sources, including the stakeholders, law enforcement personnel and medico-legal team

Professional

• □P 1.2 Demonstrate an appreciation of the limitations of findings, individual professional limitations and the necessity of seeking appropriate second opinions
• □P 3.1 Fulfil and adhere to the professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice

Case description

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2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.6 Seek assistance in situations that are complex or new
• □ME 3.1 Integrate planned procedures into global assessment and management plans
• □ME 3.1 Recognize indications for performing special dissections
• □ME 3.3 Triage a procedure, taking into account available resources
• □ME 3.4 Competently perform discipline-specific dissections
• □ME 3.4 Recognize and interpret findings
• □ME 3.4 Document procedures accurately

Professional

• □P 1.1 Inform funeral home personnel when special dissections or artefacts of post- mortem examination may require special handling

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □Part A: ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the principles of the various fields of forensic sciences, including toxicology, chemistry, biology (including DNA testing), firearm and tool mark examination, entomology, forensic photography, blood pattern analysis, fingerprint analysis, trace evidence and alternative light source examinations
• □Part A: ME 2.5 Review the death scene information and clinical history in complex and/or pediatric cases
• □Part A: ME 2.5 Perform examination of tissues microscopically and review toxicology or other ancillary test results where appropriate in complex and/or pediatric cases
• □Part A: ME 2.6 Take or organize satisfactory external, gross and microscopic photographs of the post- mortem examination and any relevant tissues
• □Part A: ME 3.4 Perform procedures in a skillful and safe manner, adapting to unanticipated findings or changing circumstances
• □Part A: ME 4.1 Recognize the need for consultations, including but not limited to neuropathology, cardiovascular pathology, forensic anthropology and/or forensic odontology, and appropriately retain specimens
• □Part A: ME 3.4 Seek assistance as needed when unanticipated findings or changing clinical circumstances are encountered
• □Part B: ME 2.5 Prepare written descriptions of the external, internal and microscopic findings in complex and/or pediatric cases
• □Part B: ME 3.4 Document procedures accurately 3 COM 4.3Communicate information appropriately, including evidence-informed opinions and conclusions, to law enforcement personnel, coroners/medical examiners, and lawyers

Communicator

• □Part A: COM 1.5 Apply knowledge of cultural and religious accommodations in scheduling and techniques for post-mortem exams and death investigations ensuring that the death investigation is not compromised

Leader

• □Part A: L 3.1 Engage personnel and procedures effectively in death investigations including maintaining the legal chain of custody of evidence

Professional

• □Part A: P 3.1 Fulfil the requirements of the physician’s duty to report, including communicable disease and suspected child abuse

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □Part A: ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the principles of the various fields of forensic sciences, including toxicology, chemistry, biology (including DNA testing), firearm and tool mark examination, entomology, forensic photography, blood pattern analysis, fingerprint analysis, trace evidence and alternative light source examinations
• □Part A: ME 1.3 Demonstrate understanding of sections of the Canadian Criminal Code relevant to Forensic Pathology
• □Part A: ME 2.2 Select and interpret appropriate procedures based on information available
• □Part A: ME 2.5 Review the death scene information and clinical history in complex and/or pediatric cases
• □Part A: ME 2.6 Take or organize satisfactory external, gross and microscopic photographs of the post- mortem examination and any relevant tissues
• □Part A: ME 3.4 Seek assistance as needed when unanticipated findings or changing clinical circumstances are encountered
• □Part A: ME 4.1 Recognize the need for consultations, including but not limited to neuropathology, cardiovascular pathology, forensic anthropology and/or forensic odontology, and appropriately retain specimens
• □Part B: ME 2.5 Perform examination of tissue microscopically and review toxicology or other ancillary test results in complex and/or pediatric cases
• □Part B: ME 2.5 Prepare written descriptions of findings in complex and/or pediatric cases
• □Part B: ME 3.4 Document procedures accurately

Communicator

• □Part A: COM 1.5 Apply knowledge of cultural and religious accommodations in scheduling and techniques for post-mortem exams and death investigations ensuring that the death investigation is not compromised
• □Part A: COM 4.3 Communicate information appropriately, including evidence-informed opinions and conclusions, to law enforcement personnel, coroners/medical examiners, and lawyers
• □Part B: COM 4.1 Adapt record keeping to the specific guidelines of Forensic Pathology and the medico-legal context

Collaborator

• □Part A: COL 1.3 Provide timely and necessary written information to colleagues to enable effective relationship-centered services

Leader

• □Part A: L 3.1 Engage personnel and procedures effectively in death investigations including maintaining the legal chain of custody of evidence

Professional

• □Part A: P 3.1 Fulfil the requirements of the physician’s duty to report, including communicable disease and suspected child, domestic or elder abuse

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the principles of histology and pathophysiology as they relate to Forensic Pathology
• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the principles of the various fields of forensic sciences, including toxicology, chemistry, biology (including DNA testing), firearm and tool mark examination, entomology, forensic photography, blood pattern analysis, fingerprint analysis, trace evidence and alternative light source examinations
• □ME 1.6 Describe the information and limitations pathology can provide including but not limited to time of death determination
• □ME 2.5 Interpret post-mortem findings in light of the clinical history and/or scene investigation and appreciate potential limitations of such interpretations
• □ME 2.5 Formulate conclusions regarding cause and mechanism and manner of death in complex and/or pediatric cases
• □ME 4.1 Ensure follow-up on results of investigation and ancillary testing

Communicator

• □COM 4.1 Document death investigations to support conclusion, reasoning, and the rationale for decisions and adequate detail to allow independent review

Collaborator

• □COL 1.3 Provide timely and necessary written information to colleagues to enable effective relationship-centered services

Scholar

• □S 3.3 Evaluate the applicability (external validity or generalizability) of evidence from a resource

Professional

• □P 1.2 Demonstrate an appreciation of the limitations of findings, individual professional limits and the necessity of seeking appropriate second opinions

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Demonstrate awareness of relevant laws and regulations in relation to tissue/organ procurement, tissue retention, principles of consent, privacy and confidentiality
• □ME 1.6 Adapt as the complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity of the situation evolves
• □ME 2.1 Determine whether organ or tissue donation will impair the forensic pathologist’s ability to provide an opinion
• □ME 3.1 Integrate potential organ and/or tissue donation into death investigation procedures

Health Advocate

• □HA 2.1 Contribute to a process to improve health in the communities or populations they serve

Professional

• □P 2.1 Demonstrate a commitment to the promotion of the public good, including stewardship of resources

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of principles of forensic anthropology and forensic odontology
• □ME 1.3 Demonstrate understanding of elementary issues of multiple victim incidents
• □ME 5.1 Prevent contamination of the death scene
• □ME 2.4 Maintain the chain of evidence in multiple victim fatalities
• □ME 3.2 Determine whether jurisdictional authorization applies in cases of multiple victim incidents
• □ME 2.3 Establish identification, with consultation where appropriate

Communicator

• □COM 2.1 Integrate, summarize, and present the information obtained from a multiple victim death investigation, including disaster victim identification (DVI) form
• □COM 2.1 Seek and synthesize relevant information from other sources including the stakeholders, law enforcement personnel and medico-legal team

Collaborator

• □COL 1.3 Demonstrate an interprofessional approach for death investigations (scene investigation, post-mortem examination, history, ancillary investigations)

Leader

• □L 3.1 Ensure the appropriate transport of bodies in situations of multiple fatalities including consideration of storage and release of remains

Professional

• □P 1.1 Manage complex issues while preserving confidentiality
• □P 4.1 Integrate skills that support adaptation and recovery in challenging situations

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.4 Act as a consultant to clinical colleagues, coroners, law enforcement personnel, judges and lawyers, on the interpretation and relevance of pathological findings

Collaborator

• □COL 1.2 Consult as needed with other health care professionals, including other physicians
• □COL 2.1 Delegate tasks and responsibilities in an appropriate and respectful manner

Leader

• □L 2.2 Optimize practice patterns for cost-effectiveness and cost control
• □L 3.1 Engage personnel and procedures effectively in death investigations including maintaining the legal chain of custody of evidence

Scholar

• □S 1.2 Seek and interpret multiple sources of performance data and feedback, with guidance, to continually improve performance
• □S 3.1 Generate focused questions that address practice uncertainty and knowledge gaps
• □S 3.3 Evaluate the applicability (external validity or generalizability) of evidence from a resource
• □S 3.4 Identify new evidence appropriate to their scope of professional practice through quality-appraised evidence-alerting services

Professional

• □P 1.1 Complete assigned responsibilities
• □P 2.1 Demonstrate a commitment to the promotion of the public good, including stewardship of resources
• □P 2.1 Demonstrate a commitment to maintaining and enhancing competence
• □P 4.2 Manage competing personal and professional priorities

Case description

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Scholar

• □S 1.2 Participate in peer review for purposes of personal practice improvement

Professional

• □P 1.2 Demonstrate an appreciation of the limitations of findings, individual professional limits and the necessity of seeking appropriate second opinions
• □P 3.3 Participate in the review of practice, standard setting and quality improvement activities
• □P 3.3 Demonstrate a commitment to excellence in the discipline by participating in regular peer-review

Case description

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Scholar

• □S 2.1 Use strategies for deliberate, positive role-modelling
• □S 2.2 Ensure a safe learning environment for all members of the team
• □S 2.3 Identify situations involving learners where the death investigation may be compromised, and manage them appropriately
• □S 2.3 Supervise learners to ensure they work within limits, seeking guidance and supervision when needed
• □S 2.4 Describe teaching strategies relevant to their discipline
• □S 2.4 Identify the learning needs and desired learning outcomes of others
• □S 2.5 Provide written or verbal feedback to other learners, faculty and other members of the team

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Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Apply knowledge of the clinical and biomedical sciences as well as issues of medical jurisprudence relevant to Forensic Pathology

Scholar

• □S 2.4 Define specific learning objectives for a teaching activity
• □S 2.4 Identify the learning needs and desired learning outcomes of others
• □S 2.4 Plan, prepare and deliver a learning activity
• □S 3.3 Evaluate the applicability (external validity or generalizability) of evidence from a resource
• □S 3.4 Identify new evidence appropriate to their scope of professional practice through quality-appraised evidence-alerting services

Professional

• □P 1.1 Demonstrate respect for the deceased and the death investigation in publications and teaching presentations

Case description

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Scholar

• □S 4.4 Pose medically and scientifically relevant and appropriately constructed questions amenable to scholarly investigation
• □S 3.3 Evaluate the applicability (external validity or generalizability) of evidence from a resource
• □S 4.1 Contribute to a scholarly investigation or the dissemination of research findings in their discipline
• □S 4.2 Discuss and provide examples of the ethical principles applicable to research and scholarly inquiry relevant to Forensic Pathology
• □S 4.3 Actively participate as a research team member, balancing the roles and responsibilities of a researcher with the roles and responsibilities of a physician
• □S 4.4 Select appropriate methods of addressing a given scholarly question
• □S 4.5 Summarize and communicate the findings of applicable research and scholarly inquiry to professional and lay audiences, including stakeholders

Case description

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Medical Expert

• □ME 2.2 Assess a death scene
• □ME 3.2 Ensure appropriate legal authority is obtained for procedures
• □ME 3.1 Determine the most appropriate procedures to accurately assess cause, manner and mechanism of death
• □ME 2.5 Perform a complete post-mortem examination in a range of natural and unnatural deaths, with appropriate description of the external and internal findings, including gross and microscopic examinations
• □ME 2.5 Identify the circumstances when toxicological and other ancillary investigations/tests may be appropriate, and apply the procedures for sampling tissues, fluids and other evidence for these additional investigations
• □ME 2.5 Interpret post-mortem findings in light of the clinical history and/or scene investigation and appreciate potential limitations of such interpretations
• □ME 2.6 Take or organize satisfactory external, gross and microscopic photographs of the post- mortem examination and any relevant tissues
• □ME 3.3 Prioritize a procedure, taking into account potential for deterioration of evidence, and available resources
• □ME 3.4 Perform procedures in a skillful and safe manner, adapting to unanticipated findings or changing circumstances
• □ME 4.1 Implement a plan that supports ongoing cases, follow-up on investigations, response to stakeholder needs, and further consultation

Communicator

• □COM 4.1 Document death investigations in an accurate, complete, timely and accessible manner, and in compliance with legal and privacy requirements
• □COM 4.3 Communicate information appropriately, including evidence-informed opinions and conclusions, to law enforcement personnel, coroners/medical examiners, and lawyers

Collaborator

• □COL 1.3 Demonstrate an interprofessional approach for a death investigation (scene investigation, post-mortem examination, history, ancillary investigations)

Leader

• □L 1.2 Consistently apply the principles of laboratory safety and universal precautions

Professional

• □P 1.1 Exhibit appropriate professional behaviours
• □P 3.1 Fulfil and adhere to the professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Medical Expert

• □ME 2.1 Prioritize which issues need to be addressed during death investigation or with other investigators
• □ME 1.5 Carry out professional duties in the face of multiple, competing demands
• □ME 1.5 Prioritize cases on the basis of case complexity
• □ME 3.3 Prioritize a procedure taking into account potential for deterioration of evidence, and available resources

Communicator

• □COM 1.5 Apply knowledge of cultural and religious accommodations in scheduling and techniques for post-mortem exams and death investigations ensuring that the death investigation is not compromised

Collaborator

• □COL 1.2 Coordinate scheduling with external stakeholders agencies and collaborators
• □COL 1.3 Demonstrate an interprofessional approach for death investigations (scene investigation, post-mortem examination, history, ancillary investigations)
• □COL 2.1 Delegate tasks and responsibilities in an appropriate and respectful manner

Leader

• □L 2.1 Allocate resources for optimal delivery of services
• □L 3.1 Engage personnel and procedures effectively in death investigations including maintaining the legal chain of custody of evidence

Health Advocate

• □HA 3.1 Fulfil and adhere to the professional and ethical codes, standards of practice, and laws governing practice

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.1 Demonstrate a commitment to high-quality delivery of services
• □ME 1.2 Integrate the CanMEDS Intrinsic Roles into their practice of Forensic Pathology
• □ME 1.5 Carry out professional duties in the face of multiple, competing demands

Collaborator

• □COL 1.2 Negotiate overlapping and shared responsibilities with physicians and other colleagues in medico-legal team 5 S 1.2Participate in peer review for purposes of personal practice improvement

Professional

• □P 1.1 Exhibit appropriate professional behaviours
• □P 1.2 Demonstrate a commitment to excellence in all aspects of practice
• □P 4.2 Manage personal and professional demands for a sustainable practice throughout the Forensic Pathologist life cycle

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Medical Expert

• □ME 1.3 Demonstrate understanding of sections of the Canadian Criminal Code relevant to Forensic Pathology
• □ME 1.4 Act as a consultant to clinical colleagues, coroners, law enforcement personnel, judges, lawyers, on the interpretation and relevance of pathological findings

Communicator

• □COM 4.3 Communicate information appropriately, including evidence-informed opinions and conclusions, to law enforcement personnel, coroners/medical examiners, and lawyers

Scholar

• □S 3.4 Integrate best evidence and expertise into decision-making

Professional

• □P 1.1 Exhibit appropriate professional behaviours
• □P 1.2 Demonstrate an appreciation of the limitations of findings, individual professional limits and the necessity of seeking appropriate second opinions
• □P 3.1 Demonstrate an understanding of the criminal, civil and inquest procedures, the role of the Crown and the defense, and the rules of evidence
• □P 3.1 Demonstrate the legal, ethical and behavioural requirements when testifying

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Medical Expert

• □ME 5.2 Adopt strategies that promote safety and address human and system factors
• □ME 5.2 Demonstrate knowledge of reportable and communicable infectious diseases and determine the need for communication with the appropriate authorities
• □ME 5.2 Demonstrate safe techniques for high risk autopsies

Collaborator

• □COL 1.1 Establish and maintain healthy relationships with physician and other colleagues in the medico-legal team to support relationship-centered collaborative services
• □COL 1.1 Anticipate, identify, and respond to safety issues related to the function of a team

Leader

• □L 1.2 Apply the principles of laboratory safety and universal precautions consistently
• □L 1.2 Actively encourage all involved in death investigation, regardless of their role, to report and respond to unsafe situations

Professional

• □P 1.1 Exhibit appropriate professional behaviours
• □P 4.3 Promote a culture that recognizes, supports, and responds effectively to colleagues in need

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Scholar

• □S 1.1 Develop, implement, monitor, and revise a personal learning plan to enhance professional practice
• □S 1.2 Identify opportunities for learning and improvement by regularly reflecting on and assessing their performance using various internal and external data sources
• □S 2.5 Role-model regular self-assessment and feedback-seeking behaviour
• □S 3.3 Critically evaluate the integrity, reliability, and applicability of medico-legal research and literature
• □S 3.4 Integrate best evidence and expertise into decision-making

Professional

• □P 2.1 Demonstrate a commitment to maintaining and enhancing competence

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps

Entrustment (how much supervision did this activity need?)

1. ●I had to do
2. ●I had to talk them through
3. ●I needed to prompt
4. ●I needed to be there just in case
5. ●I didn’t need to be there

Leader

• □L 4.2 Develop and maintain a curriculum vitae with formatting and content appropriate for use in medico-legal proceedings

Case description

Feedback provided

Next steps